First you need good quality beans. Then the beans are ground very finely into a powder. Next, the ground beans are placed into a container in the espresso machine contains water, and when heat the water, it boils and turns into steam. The steam is forced through the coffee by the funnel shape of the container. Finally, the steam condenses at the top of the machine are the liquid falls back into a container. Machines in daily use should be cleaned regularly to keep the fresh coffee taste.
Listening 10 [2. 107]
Apple: the story continues
From success to near failure and back to success. Of all the turnaround stories in the business world, perhaps Apple is the most famous. In the early 1980s Apple computers were faster and more functional than IBM computers, who were the closest competitor. But in 1985 IBM shipped a computer using the Microsoft Windows operating system for the first time, and this made it nearly as good as an Apple. Apple was in trouble, especially when Microsoft developed a business strategy that was much more successful than their own. Microsoft decided that it would license Windows to a variety of different PC makers, not just IBM. As a result, Windows became an Industry standard, and Apple’s market share became smaller and smaller. But Apple wasn’t finished it. In 1997 they brought back Steve Jobs, the founder of the company. He concentrated on design, and Mac computers became trendier and more exciting than boring PCs. But Steve Jobs greatest success in 2001, when Apple launched the iPod- the coolest music player the world had ever seen.
References:
Chris Redston & Gillie Cunningham, Cambridge University Press 2011
Paul Emmerson, Macmillan Publishers Limited 2007
Felecity O’Dell, Cambridge University Press,2010
Chris Redston & Gillie Cunningham, Cambridge University Press 2011
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