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humans needs—человеческие потребности
to satisfy—удовлетворять
a substitute—заменитель
utility—полезность
usefulness—польза
relationship—отношения
consumer—потребитель
commodity—товар
to rate—ценить
therefore—таким образом
consequently—следовательно
to decrease—уменьшаться
to increase—увеличиваться
stock—запас
price—цена
majority—большинство
the demand for something—потребность, спрос
to accept something—принимать что-то
a fall in prices—падение цен
a rise in prices—повышение цен
particular—особенный
as a whole—в целом
to encourage—вдохновлять, побуждать
quantity—количество
quality—качество
relationship—отношение
to spend—тратить
convenience—удобство
insurance—страховка
necessary—необходимый
income—доход
particularly—особенно
Test
1. Выберете правильные ответы на данные вопросы. Запишите ответы следующим образом, например: 1—d.
1. What human needs are complex?
a) basic, c) individual,
b) additional, d) collective.
2. What does a vegetarian rate very highly?
a) pianos, c) meat,
b) submarines, d) bananas.
3. What is related to our sense of priorities?
a) utility, c) supply,
b) price, d) demand.
4. What must a consumer accept when planning his expenditure?
a) advices, c) prices,
b) income, d) laws.
5. What does a rise in prices tend to do with the supply of a commodity?
a) to increase, c) to reduce.
b) to decrease, d) to diminish.
6. What does a rise in prices tend to do with the demand for a commodity?
a) to enlarge, c) to increase,
b) to satisfy, d) to decrease.
7. What will producers do with production when the prices fall?
a) reduce, c) enlarge,
b) increase, d) rise.
8. How do we call supply when it can be increased or decreased rapidly to suit market prices?
a) inelastic, c) elastic,
b) available, d) important.
Завершите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. These complex personal wants are satisfied in...
2. The utility of a commodity is also related to...
3. A consumer will go on buying cigarettes as long as...
4. The cigarettes are the same,...
5. A consumer will decide to buy a commodity only in terms of...
6. People usually have to choose carefully...
7. Supplies of many commodities can be...
8. Next on their scale come those commodities which...
a)... its particular utility to him.
b)... his satisfaction continues and they render utility.
c)... different ways by different things.
d)... adjusted to suit market conditions.
e)... but their utility has changes.
f)... our sense of priorities.
g)... how they will spend their money.
h)... provide comfort or convenience of some kind.
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