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Exercise 12: Translate the sentences into English. The underlined parts should be translated as Participle constructions.

Exercise 6: Say in which sentences the words that and those are substitutes; translate the sentences into Russian. | Exercise 9: Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying special attention to Complex Object. | FISCAL POLICY | MONEY AND ITS FUNCTIONS | Text 2: Read the text and find the sentences which have the same information with the sentences in Text 1. | Different Kinds of Money | Exercise 8: Work out the meaning of for. Translate the sentences into Russian. | A) Passive Infinitive in Complex Object and Complex Subject | D) Progressive Infinitive in Complex Object and Complex Subject | Exercise 24: Translate the sentences with complex Infinitive constructions into Russian. |


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  2. Ask tag questions to these sentences
  3. Choose the correct form of the noun in the following sentences
  4. Choose the correct item (a, B, C or d) to complete the sentences.
  5. Choose the correct tense form in the following sentences.
  6. Choose the correct tense form in the following sentences.
  7. Choose the right translation of the underlined words.

1. В современных развитых странах отношение годового ВВП к денежной массе, находящейся в обращении, следующее: в Китае – 1,0, в Великобритании – 1,0, в Германии – 1,4 (существует тенденция уменьшения до 1,0), во Франции – 1,6, в Швейцарии – 0,8. В результате политики, проводимой правительством России с 1992 по 1998 годы, это соотношение возросло в нашей стране с 1,2 до 8,0, что сделало нормальную экономическую деятельность (activity) невозможной.

2. Проводя денежно-кредитную политику, центральный банк может влиять на денежную массу в стране.

3. Достигнув значительного экономического роста в последнее десятилетие, правительство увеличило богатство общества в целом.

4. При фантастическом богатстве природными ресурсами Россия сегодня стала одной из бедных стран.

5. С 1989 по 1997 год валовой внутренний продукт в Китае увеличился вдвое, достигнув 3366 миллиардов долларов. Это было в восемь раз больше, чем в России, и вдвое выше, чем в Германии.

 

Exercise 13: Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Participle constructions:

1 Money plays an essential role in the macroeconomy affecting prices, interest rates, and, eventually, all economic activity.

2 A firm has a balance sheet reporting assets of the firm at a specified time.

3 The 19th-century economists thought capital only to comprise wealth produced by industry in the past. Wealth, such as land and ore, not having been produced, was not included in capital.

4 Being an agreed measure of future payments in contracts, money serves as a standard of deferred payment.

5 The Central Bank can depress the level of interest rates increasing the quantity of money in circulation.

6 Only being provided with the required resources, an enterprise can work efficiently and increase its output.

7 Being responsible for the national debt, the Central Bank makes re­payments on government securities, issues new long-term securities, makes regular payments of interest to holders of existing government securities.

8 Being issued by the Treasury (государственное казначейство, министерство финансов) on a weekly basis, bills may be considered an instrument of the monetary policy.

Text 2: Read and translate the text:


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