| Construction
| Function
| Sentence Pattern
| Verbal Form
| Peculiarities
| Verbs after which the construction is used
|
| Objective Participial Construction
| Complex Object
| 1. I heard these words mentioned several times.
2. I watched him seeing a friend off.
| Participle II
Participle I Indefinite active
| Participle II shows that the meaning is passive;
Participle I shows that the action is in progress.
| Verbs of sense perception: to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice, to find, etc.
|
| 1. I consider him engaged at the local theatre.
| Participle II
| Participle II shows that the meaning is passive.
| Verbs of mental activity: to consider, to understand, etc.
|
| 1. I want the parcel delivered in time.
| Participle II
| Participle II shows that the meaning is passive.
| Verbs denoting wish: to want, to wish, to desire, etc.
|
| 1. I had my room reconstructed.
2. Get this prescription made at the chemist’s.
| Participle II
| 1. Participle II expresses the idea of smth. done for the benefit of the person expressed by the subject of the sentence.
2. In questions and in negative sentences the auxiliary “do” is used.
| Verbs to have, to get.
|
| Subjective Participial Construction
| Subject +
Compound Verbal Predicate
| 1. The girl was often heard singing that tune.
2. The man was found dead in the yard.
| Participle I Indefinite active
Participle II
| Participle II shows that the meaning is passive;
Participle I shows that the action is in progress.
| Verbs of sense perception: to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice, to find, etc.
|
| The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
| Adverbial Modifier of Time
| Our lessons being over, we hurried home.
| Participle I Indefinite active
Participle II
| The construction is generally rendered in Russian by means of an adverbial clause
| ___
|
| Adverbial Modifier of Cause
| The night becoming pitch-dark, we lit the lantern.
| Participle I Indefinite active
Participle II
| The construction is generally rendered in Russian by means of an adverbial clause
| ___
|
| Adverbial Modifier of Condition
| Weather permitting, the ship will leave the harbour at daybreak.
| Participle I Indefinite active
Participle II
| The construction seldom occurs in this function and is nearly always goes with the participles permitting and failing.
| ___
|
| Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
| On the little pond the leaves floated, the sunlight shining over them.
| Participle I Indefinite active
Participle II
| In this function it is mostly placed at the end of a sentence.
| ___
|
| The Prepositional Participial Construction
| Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
| 1. I could hardly work with that noise going on.
2. I can’t concentrate without the door shut behind my back.
| Participle I Indefinite active
Participle II
| The construction is introduced by with or without.
| ___
|
| The Nominative Absolute Construction (without Participle)
| Adverbial Modifier of Time
| Breakfast over, we went for a walk.
| ___
| The construction is always separated from the rest of a sentence by a coma.
| ___
|
| Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
| His heart full of apprehension, he entered the room.
| ___
| ___
|
| The Prepositional Absolute Construction
| Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
| He walked along the corridor, with his hat in his hand.
| ___
| ___
|
| Misrelated Participle
| Adverbial Modifier of Time
| Standing on the platform, a policeman arrested me.
| Participle I Indefinite active
| The construction is possible in general but should be avoided in formal texts.
| ___
|
