Cover the right column and complete the sentences. Check yourself using the given answers.

B People doing manual work for wages are called...	labourers, workers
Bakers, butchers and grocers have shops. They are...	shopkeepers
Carpenters, bricklayers, plumbers etc. are...	tradesmen
They have learned a...	trade
When somebody is an electrician we say...	he is an electrician
When someone is a doctor we say...	he is a doctor by profession
Workmen earn...	wages
More highly-paid people not doing manual work get a...	salary
The general word for wages and salary is...	pay
When you get more salary we say that you get a...	rise in salary
Most people work because...	they have to earn a living

C What do they sell?

A baker sells...	bread and cakes
A butcher sells...	meat, sausage and chickens
A milkman sells...	dairy products
A bookseller sells...	books
A grocer sells...	groceries
A greengrocer sells...	fruit and vegetables
A chemist [Am. drugstore] sells...	toothpaste, cosmetics and soap as well as medicines
A tobacconist sells...	tobacco, cigars and cigarettes
When you want to buy pens and paper you go to the...	stationer's
When you want to buy a gold ring you go to the...	jeweller's
When you want to buy a fresh chicken you go to the...	poultry's or butcher's

D Mr. Johnson is the...	manager of a firm
The people working in his office are his...	employees
Mr. Johnson is their...	employer [boss]
The lady who makes his appointments is his...	secretary
The men who take care of the financial administration of the business are...	book-keepers
The business they all work for is called a...	company
Sometimes you can find the letters Ltd. after the name of a company. This is short for...	Limited [Limited liability company]
A smaller office in a different place from the head-office is a...	branch
People to whom the firm or company owes money are...	creditors
People who owe money to the firm are...	debtors
The boy who does all kinds of jobs is the...	office-boy
People who have no work are...	unemployed/jobless
We can also say that they have no...	employment/jobs
Being out of work means...	having no employment

E At a factory

Mr. McDonald has a factory. He is a...	manufacturer
People who work in the factory are...	factory-hands/workers
They have been trained to do their jobs so they are...	skilled workers (workmen)
Another word for factory is...	works
When a factory makes steel or cotton we call it a...	mill
When a factory produces electricity we call it a...	power station [Am. plant]
Another word for work is...	labour
We speak of hard labour when...	people are forced to work
All factories together are called...	industry
A town with many factories is an...	industrial town
A man who works very hard is an...	industrious man

FWhen there is a vacancy you can...	apply for the job [post]
Then you are an...	applicant
When they think you are the right man for the job you are...	appointed
So you get the...	appointment
When your work is very poor you are…	dismissed
Other words for "dismissed" are…	fired/sacked
Sometimes people refuse to work. Then they are...	on strike
Most people strike for...	better labour-conditions or higher wages

Work: duties, conditions and pay

What do you do?

People may ask you about your job. They can ask and you can answer in different ways: What do you do?

I am (+job), e. g. a banker / an engineer / a teacher / a builder

What's your job?

I work in (+ place or general area), e. g. a bank / marketing

What do you do for a living?

I work for (+ name of company), e. g. Union Bank, ICI, Fiat

Note: "Work" is usually an uncountable noun, so you cannot say "a work". If you want to use the indefinite article you must say "a job", e. g. She hasn't got a job at the moment.

What does that involve? (= What do you do in your job?)

When people ask you to explain your work/job, they may want to know your main responsibilities (= your duties / what you have to do), or something about your daily routine (= what you do every day/week).

They can ask like this: What does that (i. e. your job) involve?

Main responsibilities

I'm in charge of (= responsible for) all deliveries out of the factory.

I have to deal with any complaints (= take all necessary action if there are complaints).

I run the coffee bar and restaurant in the museum (= I am in control of it / I manage it).

Note: We often use responsible for / in charge of for part of something, e. g. a department or some of the workers; and run for control of something, e. g. a company or a shop.

Daily duties/routines

I have to go to / attend a lot of meetings. I visit/see/meet clients (= people I do business with or for). I advise clients (= give them help and my opinion).

It involves doing quite a lot of paperwork (a general word we use for routine work that involves paper e. g. writing letters, filling in forms, etc.). Note the -ing form after involve.

Pay

Most workers are paid (= receive money) every month and this pay goes directly into their bank account. It is called a salary. We can express the same idea using the verb to earn:

My salary is $60,000 a year. (= I earn $60,000 a year.)

With many jobs you get (= receive) holiday pay and sick pay (when you are ill). If you want to ask about holidays, you can say:

How much holiday do you get? or How many weeks' holiday do you get?

The total amount of money you receive in a year is called your income. This could be your salary from one job, or the salary from two different jobs you have. And on this income you have to pay part to the government – called income tax.

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