Fill in the Blank

Theme 4

Morphology of the chromosomes. Karyotype of the human being

Fill in the Blank

1. In many human tumor cells, abnormal activation of the _________________ gene seems to bestow the capacity to divide indefinitely.

2. Specialized elements that ensure the accurate duplication and segregation of chromosomes include telomeres, origins of replication, and _________________.

3. The components of eukaryotic chromosomes include DNA, _________________, and nonhistone proteins.

4. _________________ is the generic term for any complex of DNA and protein found in a cell's nucleus.

5. The most rudimentary DNA packaging unit which involves four types of histones is the _________________.

6. By weight, chromatin consists roughly of:

A. 1/3 DNA, 1/3 histones, & 1/3 nonhistones.

B. 1/3 DNA, 2/3 acidic proteins.

C. 1/3 DNA, 1/3 histones, & 1/3 basic proteins.

D. 1/4 DNA, 1/4 RNA, 1/4 histones, 1/4 nonhistones.

7. The first level of compaction of DNA consists of:

A. DNA winding around histones to form small nucleosomes.

B. Tight coiling of DNA with nucleosomes into higher order structures.

C. High level compaction into metaphase-type chromosomes.

D. Histone, DNA, and nonhistone covalent bonding.

8. The linear chromosomes of eukaryotic cells terminate at both ends in protective caps called telomeres.

9. It appears that all origins of replication are active during all mitotic divisions that create an organism.

10. Nucleosomes are evenly spaced along a chromosome, but they do not have a well-defined arrangement along the chromatin.

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