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General Principles and Physics of Lasers

Physics | Basic Components | Wavelength | Selective photothermolysis | Modes: Continuous Wave, Pulsed, and Q Switching |


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The word laser is an acronym derived from the phrase “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.” A laser-equipped device can generate a high-intensity light that is monochromatic, unidirectional, and parallel. These unique characteristics make the laser useful for commercial and medical applications. An understanding of the general properties of lasers allows the physician and layperson to better appreciate the technology and its capabilities and limitations.

The image below illustrates the operating principles of a laser device.

Atoms at their resting energy state, or ground state (E0), can be excited to a higher energy state (E*) when they absorb electrical, optical, or thermal energy.

 

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