Immunologic reactivity

1. There are no reactions of delayed type hypersensitivity in mice without hairs (nude mice). The most possible reason for this pathology is:

A. Defect of phagocytosis

B. Disorders of hematopoiesis

C. Absence of thymus

D. Deficiency of components of complement system

E. Absence of gamma globulins in blood

2. Transplantation of skin was performed in a patient with wide spread burns. Graft swelled and changed its color at 8th day and was rejected at 11th. What cells participate in this process?

A. Erythrocytes

B. Basophils

C. Eosinophils

D. B-lymphocytes

E. T-lymphocytes

3. Deficient content of immunoglobulins was revealed in a patient. What cells of immune system produce immmunoglobulins?

A. Plasma cells

B. T-killers

C. B-lymphocytes

D. T-helpers

E. T-suppressors

4. Three times immunization of population was carried out by pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine when the number of diphtheria cases rose. The levels of anybodies increased in the blood of immunized people as a consequence of immunization. What cells produce these proteins?

A. Acidophilic granulocytes

B. Neutrophilic granulocytes

C. Macrophages

D. Monocytes

E. Plasmocytes

5. It is known that plasma cells produce specific antibodies against the given antigen. Number of plasma cells increases after introduction of antigen. What cells of peripheral blood serve as precursors of plasma cells?

A. Neutrophils

B. B-lymphocytes

C. Basophils

D. T-lymphocytes

E. Eosinophils

6. Formation of T-helpers is held up in thymus. What processes of immunogenesis in connective tissue will be violated at first?

A. Phagocytosis of antigens by macrophages

B. Opsonization

C. Conversion of B-lymphocytes to plasma cells

D. Phagocytosis of foreign entities

E. Formation of precursors of T-lymphocytes

7. Transplantation of donor heart was performed in a patient. What conditions have to be observed to prevent transplant rejection?

A. Selection of donor according to HLA

B. Transplantation of bone marrow

C. Transfusion of donor’s blood

D. Removal of spleen

E. Administration of immunomodulators

8. A patient was operated for acute purulent appendicitis. He cannot be discharged from the hospital for a long time because of bed healing of post-operative wound. He has diabetes mellitus for many years, repeated pyoderma, furunculosis, stomatitis, and gingivitis. What is the reason for decreased immunologic reactivity?

A. Hyperglycemia

B. Hypercholesterolemia

C. Hyperketonemia

D. Hypohydration

E. Protein metabolism violation

9. It is known that reactivity of the organism is opposite to its resistance during some pathological processes. What pathological process can appear in such situation?

A. Fever

B. Shock

C. Inflammation

D. Posthemorrhage anemia

E. Arterial hypertension

10. Macrophages surrounded with alien erythrocytes were found at microscopic examination of smear of exudation took from a rat suffering from aseptic peritonitis with addition of bird erythrocytes. What stage of phagocytosis does this occurrence correspond to?

A. Incomplete phagocytosis

B. Adhesion

C. Hemotaxis

D. Engulfment

E. Intracellular digestion

11. A 3-year-old boy suffering from chronic pneumonia has low indices of B-lymphocyte system. Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia was diagnosed in him. What is the consequence of B-lymphocyte system deficiency?

A. Decreased resistance of organism to pyogenic coccus flora

B. Decreased resistance of organism to viruses

C. Decreased resistance of organism to fungous and tuberculosis infection

D. Absence of graft rejection reactions

F. Increased risk of tumor development in organism

12. Considerable edema of lips appeared in a 25-year-old man in dentist’s office few minutes later washing his mouth with solution of furacillin. Which type of allergic reaction is observed in this case?

A. Immune complex-mediated

B. Delayed-type hypersensitivity

C. Anaphylactic

D. Stimulating

E. Cytotoxic

13. Child has congenital heart disease, face defect, absence of thyroid gland and thymus, and T-lymphocytes in blood. What hereditary pathology are these symptoms connected with?

A. Di George syndrome

B. Luis-Barr syndrome

C. Turner’s syndrome

D. Down’s disease

F. Bruton’s disease

14. A patient with thyrotoxicosis has antithyroid antibodies in his blood. Which type of allergic reactions is observed in this case?

A. Cytotoxic

B. Stimulating

C. Delayed-type hypersensitivity

D. Anaphylactic

E. Immune complex-mediated

15. A 2-month-old girl with pneumonia was admitted to pediatric department. She bore otitis and pneumonia a month ago. Dicrease in levels of gamma-globulins by 2 times was found at her examination. Which disorder of immune system is it?

A. Luis-Barr syndrome

B. Physiological hypogammaglobulinemia

C. Late hypogammaglobulinemia

D. Swiss type of immune deficiency

E. Di George syndrome

16. A 2-year-old boy has frequent bacterial infections since 2 months. Allergic reaction to tuberculin (IV type) is positive. Which immunodeficiency is more possible at this patient?

A. Congenital B-lymphocytes insufficiency

B. Congenital T-lymphocytes insufficiency

C. Congenital T-suppressors defect

D. Congenital total immunodeficiency

E. Acquired immunodeficiency

17. Association of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis are found in numerous skin pustules at 25-year-old patient. Pneumocysta carinia is found in his sputum analysis. Cryptosporidia, proteus vulgaris and fungi of candida genus are found in his stool. Which disease is accompanied by such multiple infections with conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms?

A. Dysbacteriosis

B. AIDS

C. Sepsis

D. Diabetes mellitus

E. Drag agranulocytosis

18. A 25-year-old man complains of frequent inflammation diseases of different localization. He is injection drug addict. HIV-test was positive at him. What types of cells are damaged more substantially in case of HIV?

A. Neutrophilic granulocytes

B. Plasmocytes

C. Macrofages

D. T-helpers

E. NK-cells

19. A 12-year-old boy with hereditary disease has eczema, 4 cases of pneumonia in his anamnesis, bleedings. Low level of T-lymphocytes, decreased levels of IgM, normal levels of IgA was found in his blood. What disease does the boy have?

A. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

B. Luis-Barr syndrome

C. Bruton’s disease

D. Late hypogammaglobulinemia

E. Early hypogammaglobulinemia

20. A newborn has recurring respiratory tract diseases, pustule affections of the skin, severe clinical course of herpes infection and recurring candidiasis (thrush). Inoculation against smallpox and BCG-vaccination was accompanied by severe complication in him. All classes of immunoglobulins were decreased in his immunological test. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions were absent in him. What cells insufficiency underlies this immunodeficiency syndrome?

A. Neutrophiles

B. T- and B-lymphocytes

C. Macrophages

D. Fibroblasts

E. T-suppressors

21. Father has rhesus-positive erythrocytes and mother’s blood is rhesus-negative. Severe hemolytic anemia has developed just after birth in their second child. What is the mechanism of massive hemolysis at newborn’s organism?

A. Toxemia of pregnancy

B. Antenatal intoxication

C. Antenatal infection

D. Genetic deficit of erythrocytes

E. Immune hemolysis

22. A 1-year-old boy becomes very often ill with respiratory and pustular skin diseases. Even little damages become complicated by long-time purulent inflammation. All classes of immunoglobulins are nearly absent from the child’s blood. Contents of all leukocyte types and reactions of delayed-type hypersensitivity are normal. What cells inherited decrease in functional activity underlies this syndrome?

A. T-lymphocytes

B. B-lymphocytes

C. Neutrophils

D. Eosinophils

E. Endoteliocytes

23. Decrease in levels of IgG and particularly IgA, IgM was found during examination of immune status in 5-year-old boy. B-lymphocytes and plasma cells are absent from his blood and lymph nodes. Reactions of T-lymphocytes are normal. This is inherited sex-linked disease. What diagnosis is more possible?

A. Bruton’s disease

B. Luis-Barr syndrome

C. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

D. Swiss type of immunodeficiency

E. Early hypogammaglobulinemia

24. The reasons for disturbances of phagocytosis may be qualitative disorders of phagocytes. What changes of intracellular structures are more typical for “lazy leucocytes” syndrome?

A. Chemotaxin and opsonin receptors

B. Microfilaments

C. Specific membrane glycoprotein (GP 110)

D. Microtubules

E. Bactericidal system

25. A 9-year-old girl was getting breast feeding during the first year of life. She suffered prolonged severe pneumonia in the end of the first year. She started walking late. Her gait was unsteady and her movements were discoordinated. Telangiectasia appeared in her skin and conjunctivas. IgA is absent from and levels of T-lymphocytes is decreased in her blood. What immunodeficiency disease does the girl have?

A. Luis-Barr syndrome

B. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

C. Chediak-Higashi syndrome

D. Swiss type of immunodeficiency

E. Di George syndrome

26. Immune system is depressed in a patient with HIV-infection. What cells damage contributes more to immunodeficiency at this patient?

A. T-suppressors

B. Macrophages

C. T-helpers

D. B-lymphocytes

E. T-killers

27. A 2-year-old patient suffering from chronic pneumonia has decrease in quantity of B-lymphocytes, IgM and IgG. What microorganisms can cause development of this disease?

A. Candidas

B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C. Herpes virus

D. Adenovirus

E. Staphylococcus

28. Disorder of cellular immunity was revealed during investigation of immune system in the patient with chronic fungus affection of the skin. What indexes decrease more typically in this case?

A. IgG

B. IgE

C. T-lymphocytes

D. B-lymphocytes

E. Plasma cells

29. Mantoux test was made to sick child on suspicion of tuberculosis. Swelling, hyperemia and painfulness occur in the allergen injection place in 24 hours. What components determinate this reaction of organism?

A. Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines

B. B-lymphocytes and IgM

C. Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines

D. Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG

E. Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes

30. A patient was suffering from chronic renal insufficiency. He has renal transplantation from donor, who died in motorcar accident. Donor had blood group same as recipient. Renal insufficiency occurs in patient again after a time. Which system incompatibility takes part in transplant rejection?

A. ABO

B. RH

C. MNS

D. HLA

E. Kel-Chelano

31. HIV-infection was suspected at a patient of dental clinics. What cells are damaged at first in patient with AIDS?

A. T-helpers

B. T-suppressors

C. T-killers

D. B-lymphocytes

E. Macrophages

32. A 48-year-old patient suffers from frequent mycotic lesions and pyoderma at surface of trunk for a long time. He has alcohol abuse in his anamnesis. What promotes realization of disease reason in this case?

A. Damage of the blood-brain barrier

B. Primary immunodeficiency

C. Decreased barrier function of the liver

D. Allergy

E. Chronic pneumonia

33. A 10-year-old girl suffers from viral and mycotic diseases very often. She has congenital heart disease and insufficiency of thyroid gland. T-lymphocytes is absent from her immunological test. What disorder of immune system takes place in this case?

A. Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia

B. Mixed immunodeficiency

C. Terner’s syndrome

D. Hypoplasia of thymus

E. Inherited defect of complement system

34. Pneumonias and pyodermas very often occur in 5-year-old boy, as well as in his grandfather. B-lymphocytes are absent from their immunological test. What disorder of immune system takes place in this case?

A. Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia

B. Hypoplasia of thymus

C. Mixed immunodeficiency

D. Terner’s syndrome

E. Inherited defect of complement system

35. Viral and bacterial infections, eczema often occur in a 12-year-old boy. Decreased quantity of T-lymphocytes and IgM and normal levels of IgG and IgA are found in him at examination. What kind of immune pathology is observed in this case?

A. Hypoplasia of thymus

B. Mixed immunodeficiency

C. Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia

D. Terner’s syndrome

E. Inherited defect of complement system

36. A 20-year-old woman with intestinal polyposis has frequent mycotic and viral diseases in her anamnesis. What link of immune system is insufficient more possibly in this case?

A. T-lymphocytes

B. B-lymphocytes

C. Natural killers

D. Complement

E. Phagocytosis

37. Which of following is immunodeficiency disease?

A. Inherited disorder of immune system

B. Decrease of immune reactions under avitaminosis

C. Insufficiency of immune reactions after exposure to ionizing radiation

D. Disorder of formation antibodies as consequences of protein starvation

E. Decrease in immune reactions under cytostatic drugs action

38. A Patient needs renal transplantation. What kind of transplantation more expedient?

A. Syngenic

B. Xenogenic

C. Autogenic

D. Allogenic

E. Explantation

39. Heart transplantation is indicated for the patient. What kind of transplantation more expedient?

A. Syngenic

B. Xenogenic

C. Autogenic

D. Allogenic

E. Explantation

40. The main role in pathogenesis of diseases, which occur in case of B-lymphocytes immunodeficiency, plays:

A. Immunoglobulin synthesis disorders

B. Cellular type immune reaction disorders

C. Loss of ability to graft rejection

D. Decrease in delayed-type hypersensitivity

E. Decrease in antitumor immunity

41. A newborn has convulsive syndrome and heart interventricular septum defect. Thymic hypoplasia was revealed by X-ray examination of his chest. What immunodeficiency may be supposed in this patient?

A. Di George syndrome

B. Bruton’s disease

C. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

D. Good’s syndrome

E. Luis-Barr syndrome

42. A 15-year-old patient was admitted to allergologic department with bronchial asthma. What immunoglobulins excessive production can result in main clinical symptoms development in this patient?

A. IgE

B. IgA

C. IgG

D. IgM

E. IgD

ANSWERS: 1-C, 2-E, 3-A, 4-E, 5-B, 6-C, 7-A, 8-E, 9-B, 10-B, 11-A, 12-C, 13-A, 14.-B, 15-B, 16-A, 17-B, 18-D, 19-A, 20-B, 21-E, 22-B, 23-A, 24-A, 25-A, 26-C, 27-E, 28-C, 29-A, 30-D, 31-A, 32-C, 33-D. 34-A, 35-B, 36-A, 37-A, 38-A, 39-D, 40-A, 41-A, 42-A.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-25