Timber cutting

Timber cutting includes all work elements leading to the total preparation of a primary product, whether that product is the whole tree, logs, or pulpwood bolts. The elements that describe the timber cutting component are:

Felling: Felling describes all steps necessary to sever a standing tree. Most felling is accomplished with either shears or a power saw. In some parts of the world, cutters still use more primitive methods, such as the crosscut saw and the ax.

Bucking: Bucking describes the work done to cut a tree into segments. The segments are called logs, bolts, or if only the top is removed, tree-length logs. Like felling, bucking is accomplished with power saws or shears.

Measuring: Before a tree can be bucked into segments it must be measured for insure that proper log lengths result. Log length depends on end use and ranges from 100-inch bolts to logs over 50 feet in length.

Limbing: In many timber regions all the limbs must be trimmed off the bole of the tree. This is true of species with limbs substantially the full length of the bole. In some cases this function is performed with a power saw or ax - other cases, limbing is performed by the cutting head on a machine such as a Beloit harvester or a Buschcombine.

Topping: Topping is really a form of bucking except that the only cut made severs the tree at what is called a merchantable top or merch top. A merch top is the smallest utilizable top.

At least one of the cutting operations is always first in the tree preparation process and is considered the initial step in the harvesting process. The success of all subsequent operations, including final manufacturing at the conversion plant, depends on the quality of workmanship in the cutting operation. In view ofitsimportance, the cutting operation should be very carefully managed.

Chainsaw limbing Bucking

6. Заполните пропуски словами из следующего списка: power, initial, merchantable, log, least, full, harvesting, on-site, in some, one point to.

1. …………. ………. transportation

2. ……..... ……………processing

3. …………………….saws

4. …………………… step

5. ………… ………… top

6. wood ………………cost

7. ………… …… ….length

8. from …………. … another

9. ………. ……………cases

10. …………………… process

7. Найдите в тексте п.5 глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время глагола.

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