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Unprocessed petroleum is usually called crude oil, although it has been called mineral oil and Seneca oil, named for the Seneca Indians of Western Pennsylvania. The name petroleum is from a combination of Latin words meaning "rock oil". Sometimes colloquially it is called “black gold”. Petroleum is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. Petroleum exists in the upper
(Fig. 1. Pumpjack pumping an oil well)
strata of some areas of the Earth's crust. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the alkane series, but may vary much in appearance and composition. Petroleum is used mostly for producing fuel oil and gasoline (petrol), both important "primary
energy" sources. Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. 88% of all petroleum extracted is processed as fuel;the other 12% is converted into other materials such as plastic. Since petroleum is a non-renewable resource, many people are worried about the consequences of its depletion.
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