Dieting

A: Now we can have lunch.

B: You are on a diet. You shouldn’t eat bread. You shouldn’t have coke.

You shouldn’t eat ice cream.

A: May I have an apple?

B: Yes, you should eat more fruit and vegetables.

5.3 Do exercises a, b, c using as, for, since and remember their different meanings.

a) 1.She works here as a teacher. 2.I can’t run as fast as I used to. 3.I saw Peter as he was getting off the bus. 4.As the time passed, things seem to get worse. 5.As we are both tired, let’s have a break. 6.As it is late, I must be off (= go).

b) 1.I have been studying here since last year. 2.Since he started that diet, he’s lost over 20 lbs in weight. 3.Since you cannot answer, we should ask someone else. 4.Since you have finished your work, you may go home.

c) 1.I’ve got a present for you. 2.What did you do that for? 3.What can I do for you? 4.It’s time for supper. 5.Bake the cake for 40 minutes. 6.I haven’t seen you for a long time. 7.I usually leave for University at 9 a.m. 8.Please leave, for I am too tired to talk. 9.It was difficult for him to read, for his eyes were failing.

5.4 Study the boxes of causes and results of bad habits. Match the causes and the results.

BAD HABITS    

smoking

make(s)… teeth yellow skin unhealthy hair smell speech unclear brain centers sleep

cause(s) … a cough a headache pneumonia cancer blood disease heart disease brain disease slow reactions loss of memory

affect(s) … the whole family the people around you your knowledge your social control

drinking alcohol

taking drugs  

5.5 Exam task. Three students Helen, Bob and Kate are talking about their attitude towards health. Read their stories to answer the questions after the text. Then make up your story about how to take care of health.

DO YOU CARE ABOUT YOUR HEALTH?

a) Helen: I am not going to be a supermodel. But I think it is very important to be fit and healthy and look nice. Some firms don’t employ people who are overweight or who are smokers. I agree with that because smoking affects other people’s life, too. I pay a lot of attention to my health. I try to eat only low-fat food, more fruit and vegetables which are rich in vitamins and less sugar. I don’t smoke. I don’t want to have unhealthy skin and teeth. Besides, I have been doing aerobics for a year. I feel great. And all my friends think I look great.

b) Bob: I have no problems with my health though I am a smoker and a bit overweight. I like smoking. It helps me to relax. I have been smoking since I was 12. All my friends are smokers. I don’t want to be the odd one out. I know all the facts, but you only live once, don’t you? So why not enjoy yourself? As for dieting I think it is very dangerous. You are what you are. It is impossible to change. Besides, I like chocolate bars, ice cream and the like. Why should I give up such tasty things? Eat only cucumbers? Never! Of course I have some problems with my skin and hair, but I don’t want to change.

c) Kate: I think people should choose for themselves if they want to be healthy – it’s their lives, it’s their bodies. They are free to decide. It is not very good to think too much about your appearance but it is good to think about your health. I don’t pay much attention to my friends’ health habits. My friend Willie likes sweets, he is pleasantly fat and I like him, he is very clever. He has been exercising all his life. I like to have different people with different likes and dislikes like my friends.

Notes: to be odd one out – выделяться

and the like – и тому подобное

to justify – оправдывать

a) Why does Helen look great? What does she think about her future?

b) What does Bob look like? What bad health habits has he got? How does he justify himself? What is he afraid of?

c) What does Kate like in her friends?

Grammar: Gerund
	Active	Passive
Simple	building	being built
Perfect	having built	having been built

Doing sport is a popular hobby. (подлежащее)

Special equipment is used for scuba diving. (дополнение)

By keeping fit you stay healthy and energetic. (обстоятельство)

Horse-riding equipment is very expensive. (определение)

5.6 Study and remember the use of the - ing and infinitive forms after some verbs.

a) 1.I enjoy dancing and doing sport. 2.Would you mind dieting? 3.Stop eating so many sweets! 4.Go on exercising. 5.What do you think of taking part in the contest? 6.I want to give up smoking.

b) 1.I decided to take up sport. 2.I’d like / need / want to learn to drive a race car. 3.I promise to help you. 4.I went to the stadium to watch a football match. 5.I was glad to see that United won the Cup.

Grammar: Substitutes one (ones), that (those)

Model I:	The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
	Поезд был переполнен, поэтому мы решили сесть на более поздний.
Model II:	The properties of ice are different from those of water.
	Свойства льда отличаются от свойств воды.

5.7 Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words: one (ones), that (those).

а)This electronic laboratory is equipped with more up-to-date devices than that one. One must read newspapers. This device is a very complex one. Pass me one of the text-books. I have no English dictionary. I would like to buy one. One must attend every seminar on the science of materials.

b) I remember quite well that hard day of my first entrance exam. We like to discuss problems that are of interest to youth. Anybody knows that he is good at mathematics. The year on the Earth is twice as short as that on the Mars. The boundaries of Russia are longer than those of any other country in the world.

5.8 Exam task. Reading comprehension. Ordinary aspirin is considered to be one of the most popular all-purpose medicines. Read the text and find the correct answers to the questions 1-4: A, B or C.

1. Aspirin is one of the safest and most effective drugs ever invented. Many people take aspirin when they have a headache. It is effective in relieving other pains, too. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th century wonder drug. But it is also the leading cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are largely unrecognized among users.

2. Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of the leaves and tree bark which today are known to contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. During the 19th century, there was a lot of experimentation in Europe with this chemical and it led to the development of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States.

3. A small quantity of aspirin can relieve minor pain. It also reduces fever by interfering with some of the body’s reactions. Basically, aspirin seems to slow down the formation of chemicals that cause pain and the complex chemical reactions that cause fever.

4. Aspirin is very irritating to the stomachs. There is a right way and a wrong way to take aspirin. The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few people can stand the bitter taste. Some people suggest crushing the tablets in milk or orange juice and drinking that.

1. Why is aspirin called the 20th century wonder drug, according to

paragraph 1?

A. Only aspirin can help when you have a headache.

B. Aspirin helps in many cases when you don’t feel well.

C. Aspirin can help to cure children of drug poisoning.

2. What does paragraph 2 say about the history of aspirin?

A. People didn’t know about the medical value of aspirin until the

19th century.

B. The medical qualities of the chemical in aspirin were known in

ancient times.

C. Aspirin was first produced and used by famous Hippocrates.

3. How does aspirin work, according to paragraph 3?

A. It works against chemical processes that cause pain and fever.

B. It helps to drop the body’s temperature if taken in a small quantity.

C. It slows down all processes in a human organism which is ill.

4. What is bad about aspirin, according to paragraph 4?

A. It is very hard and difficult to chew.

B. It must always be taken with milk.

C. It can make your stomach hurt.

5.9 Make a list of tips on keeping fit to yourself. Use the Imperative Mood.

Example: Don’t always sit around, exercise frequently.

Sleep more, go to bed earlier.

5. 10 Exam task. Make up a dialogue about your life style to discuss your

healthy habits with a partner.

SPORT

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