Higher technical education

Higher technical education is offered by polytechnical and branch institutions of higher learning. Polytechnical institutes are large educational centres, training engineers in the most diverse fields of technology, providing them with a wide general scientific and general engineering education.

Branch institutes train engineers for individual branches of national economy, such as iron-and-steel, power engineering, mining, construction, mechanical engineering, forestry, transport, communications, the textile industry and many others.

Now that the country is through a period of qualitative changes in its economy, a period of mastering the latest achievements of the scientific and technical revolution, the higher school acquires a specific task to train engineers of a new type who would combine fundamental knowledge with a high professional level and practical training in the specific field of the national economy.

Engineers of a new type cannot be trained apart from modern production, science and technology.

The number of technical institutes, their specialization, a number of professions in which training is given and the forms in which the education is organized are continually adapted to the changing needs of production. In recent years there has been a greater emphasis on training engineers in applied mathematics, power engineering, electronics, designing of electric instruments and automatic devices, automatic control systems, and computer processing of information. At present Ukrainian technical institutes train engineers in more than 240 fields.

A college is a technical or professional school (often affiliated with a university). Colleges offer a variety of courses leading to the award of their own certificates or diplomas. Some of them have traditional links with a university and award the degree of that university. A college education is in most cases less academic and more practical than a university education, and usually vocational. Colleges prepare young people for entry to specific job, or offer a specialist qualification. Courses last from one to three years and may be full-time or part-time.

After high school, many students go to college. They can choose a small college or a large one, in their own town or in another. They generally have to pay for a college education. But there are some scholarships for good students, and many college students work part-time because they need money for their education. Colleges form an important part of higher education system.

A degree is an academic qualification awarded at most universities and colleges upon completion of a higher educational course (a first degree) or a piece of research (higher degrees). If students pass their final exam at the end of a three-year course, they get their first degree. Students with a first degree become Bachelors of Arts or Science, and can put B. A. or B. Sc. after their names. If they want to go a step further and become Master of Arts or Science, they have to write an original paper, or thesis, on some subject based on a short period of research, usually soon after graduation. If students wish to become academics and perhaps teach in a university, then they will work for a higher degree, a Doctor of Philosophy — a Ph. D. For this they will have to carry out some important research work.

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

освітній центр, готувати інженерів, вугільна промисловість, енергетика, будівництво, лісне господарство, якісні зміни, потребувати, денне навчання, заочне навчання.

3. Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Branch, polytechnic, learning, is offered by, and, institutions, higher, education, technical, of, higher.

2. Technology, engineers, a new type, of, science, and, apart, production, from, cannot, modern, be trained.

3. Ukrainian, at present, train, engineers, technical, in, more, than, institutes, fields, 240.

4. Group the following words in three columns: nouns, verbs, adjectives.

Education, is offered, polytechnic, technology, general, to train, qualitative, type, would combine, is given, number, recent, offer, variety, young, specific, full-time, specialist, degree, prepare, to be trained.

5. Answer the following questions:

1. What types of educational centers are polytechnic institutes?

2. What has happened in the period of qualitative changes?

3. What is the difference between college education and university education?

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