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79. How many aspects of speech sounds are distinguished?
80. Grouping speech sounds according to their major articulatory features is called...
81. From the acoustic point of view, vowels are called the sounds of...
82. Which are the parts of the tongue?
83. Which are the parts of the roof of the mouth?
84. Name the passive organs of speech.
85. Name the active organs of speech.
86. What is the consonant sound?
87. What are the two consonant classes according to the degree of noise?
88. What is the function of vocal cords in the production of voiced and voiceless consonants?
89. Define every type of obstruction.
90. What consonant sounds are called occlusive?
91. What consonant sounds are called constrictive?
92. What consonant sounds are called occlusive-constrictive?
93. Enumerate the consonant groups according to the place of articulation.
94. How are the forelingual consonants classified according to the work of the tip of the tongue?
95. What are the voiced counterparts of / p,t,k /?
96. What is aspiration?
97. What is palatalization?
98. What do the consonants /p, t, k / have in common?
99. What consonant sounds are called “fricatives”?
100. What are the voiced counterparts of / f, s, θ, ∫ /?
101. Define / ʧ, ʤ/ according to the all principles of articulation.
102. Enumerate the English sonorants.
103. What is the main feature of sonorous consonant?
104. What do the sonorant have in common with and what differs them from other consonants?
105. What is the subdivision of the sonorous consonants according to the direction of the air stream in the mouth cavity?
106. What is assimilation?
107. What features of the articulation of a consonant may be affected by assimilation?
108. Name the degrees of assimilation.
109. What is the difference between progressive and regressive assimilation?
110. Which aspect of speech sounds do such properties as frequency, spectrum, intensity, and duration constitute?
111. Which aspect defines every speech sound as a complex of definite coordinated and differentiated movements and positions of speech organs?
112. Functional differences between Vs and Cs are defined by their role in...
113. Sounds made with a complete obstruction or stoppage of the airflow coming up from the lungs are called…
114. Sounds in the production of which the soft palate is lowered, and the air escapes through the nose are called..
115. Sounds produced as a result of obstruent articulation involving an obstruction of the air stream that produces a phonetic effect independent of voicing are called...
116. The movements and positions necessary for the production of a speech sound constitute its...
117. The particular quality of Vs mainly depends on the volume and shape of the...
118. Complex sounds which consist of two components that correspond to two phases of articulation- an oral- stop phase followed with a short friction phase- are called...
119. Realizations of phonemes in definite positions in words are called...
120. How many consonant phonemes are there in RP?
121. How many vowel phonemes are there in RP?
122. The founder of the phoneme theory is...
123. The materialistic conception of the phoneme was originated by...
124. Features of phonemes involved in the differentiation of the words are called...
125. The phoneme is material, real and objective because it really exists in the material form of...
126. What scholar defined the phoneme as a family of sounds?
127. The smallest(i.e. further indivisible into smaller consecutive segments) language unit (sound type) that exists in the speech of all the members of a given language community as such speech sounds which are capable of distinguishing one word from another word of the same language or one grammatical form of a word from another grammatical form of the same word is called...
128. The phonemes of a language form a system of...
129. What is the principal function of the phoneme?
130. The articulatory features which do not serve to distinguish meaning are called
131. Allophones which appear as a result of the influence of the neighboring speech sounds (assimilation, adaptation,, accommodation) are called...
132. Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighboring consonant are termed...
133. A deletion of a sound in rapid or careless speech is termed....
134. Connecting of the final sound of one word or syllable to the initial sound of the next one is called...
135. Modifications of a consonant under the influence of the adjacent vowel or vice versa are called.
136. Inserting of a vowel or consonant segment within an existing string of segments is called...
137. According to the degree the assimilating C takes on the characteristics of the neighboring C, assimilation may be...
138. What is the name of assimilation in which the first consonant and the second consonant in a cluster fuse and mutually condition the creation of a third consonant with features from both original consonants?
139. What are the most common types of assimilation in English according to the direction?
140. A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety.
141. A labial, labio-dental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme.
142. An alveolar, apical, constrictive, lateral sonant.
143. A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, central/ mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the narrow variety.
144. A glottal, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme.
145. A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, back-advanced, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety.
146. A post-alveolar, constrictive, medial sonant.
147. A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back advanced, high/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety.
148. A foreligual, palato-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, voiced, lenis consonant phoneme.
149. A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, front, high/close vowel phoneme of the narrow variety.
150. A lingual, back lingual, velar, occlusive, plosive nasal sonant.
151. A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, central/ mixed, low vowel phoneme of the wide variety.
152. A labial, bilabial, constrictive, medial sonant.
153. A lingual, backlingual, occlusive, plosive, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme.
154. A lingual, forelingual, post-alveolar, constrictive, medial sonant.
155. A monophthongs short, lax, rounded, back, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety.
156. A foreligual, interdental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme.
157. A voiceless affricate.
158. A monophthong, front short, lax, unrounded, central/ mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the wide variety.
159. A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, mid/ half-open vowel phoneme of the narrow variety.
160. Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?
161. So reduction is realized in:
162. Non-reduced unstressed sounds are often retained in:
163. What principles of articulation are not characteristic for the English language?
164. Which of the elements of English diphthong is called nucleus?
165. What is the number of phonemes in British English?
166. The type of junction between the phonemes of different nature (c-v) is called …
167. The type of junction between the similar groups – cons. + cons. is called …
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