LECTURE I. French, this prefix is written counter, as in countermand, to give an order opposed to the former.

French, this prefix is written counter, as in " countermand," to give an order opposed to the former.

Cum is a Latin preposition signifying with, and in the composition of English words it is changed to con or CO; as " conduce," to lead with, " co­operate," to work together with,

De signifies down, from, or of; as "descend," to come down, "depart," to part from, " de­scribe," to write of or concerning.

Dis (or di) means apart, as " dissever," to part asunder; "diverge," to turn away from. It is also used in a negative sense, as " displease," not to please.

E or ex, is out of; as " egress," going out of; " exclude," to shut out.

Extra is beyond, as " extraordinary," beyond the common.

In, when prefixed to a verb, has its proper signification, meaning in or into, as " induct," to lead into, and sometimes it is im, as " import," to carry in; but when prefixed to an adjective, it is used negatively, as " infirm," not firm, that is, weak. Before r this preposition is changed to ir, as " irregular;" before lit is il, as " illogical;" and before some other consonants it is changed to im, as " impossible;" and in a few cases it is ig, as " ignoble." In is also frequently changed to un, in English words, as " undutiful;" and it is sometimes en, as " enclosure," " envelope," &c.

LECTURE I. 17

Many words are uncertainly written with in or en, as " inclose" or " enclose;" and in many cases en is written em, for more easy pronunciation, as in "employ;" but where this is the case, such words have, for the most part, come to us through the French. The prefixes em and en are used augmentatively, and are frequently written im and in; thus we have " embark," or " imbark," " enchant," or " inchant." We have also im or in, as likewise un, used negatively, as " impro­bable, " inarticulate, "unable." Dr. Richardson remarks that " the latter (the negatives) are never written with e, and that it might be a means of avoiding uncertainty and confusion, if the augmentatives were always written with e"

Inter is between; as "intervene," to come between.

Intro means to within, as " introduce," which conveys more than to bring in, implying a bring­ing within to a person or place.

Juxta is nigh to, as "juxta-position," being placed near to.

Ob signifies against, in the way of; as " object," to cast against; "obvious," lying in the way, and hence evident or manifest- This prefix is also used to increase the signification, as "obdure," to harden greatly.

Per, through, is of frequent occurrence, as "pervade," to go through. It also signifies thoroughly; and that which is so accomplished is

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