Present Perfect

Use

1) recently completed actions

She has tidied her room. (She has finished tidying her room. You can see it is tidy now. – evidence in the present)

2) actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present

He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them.)

3) personal experiences / changes which have happened

I’ve lost 10 kilos.

4) emphasis on number

She 's written three letters since this morning. She has called on two clients since 12 o'clock.

Time expressions: just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over a period of time), today, this week/month etc

Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Cont. with no difference in meaning.

I’ve been living / I’ve livedin Rome for a year.

8.1 Use the prompts to make a question:

e.g. you / ever / see a humming bird? – Have you ever seen a humming bird? It's the world smallest bird.

1. you / ever / read War and Peace? It's one of the longest 19th-century novels.

2. you / ever / visit San Marino? It's Europe’s second smallest country.

3. you / ever / swim in the Pacific Ocean? It's the largest ocean in the world.

4. you / ever / take a trip to the Sahara Desert? It's one of the hottest places in the world.

8.2 Complete each sentence with one of the time words in the list. You will need to use some words more than once:

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