A история открытия витамина С.

B источник витамина С.

C профилактика дефицита витамина С.

D роль витамина С в организме человека.

ЗАДАНИЕ №14 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Просмотрите текст с целью найти в нем ответ на вопрос, затем выполните задание

(1) Sleep is a state of rest, which happens in animals, including humans. Sleep is a heightened anabolic state which is necessary for growth and rejuvenation of the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular system. All mammals and birds, and many reptiles, amphibians, and fish sleep. In humans, other mammals, and most other animals that were studied, sleeping regularly is essential for survival. The purposes and mechanisms of sleep are only partially clear and are the subject of intense research.

(2) Generally, the reason for sleep is that the brain has work to do during sleep. The details are not fully understood, but it is important to get enough sleep for the body and the brain to be healthy and work properly. In mammals sleep is divided into two types: rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Each type has a distinct set of associated physiological, neurological, and psychological features. Both humans and many animals sleep about once a day. Some animals, such as cats, sleep many times a day for short periods. When people sleep they often have dreams.

(3) The timing of sleep and the amount of it are both important. Both are different for different people. Some adults sleep best from 22:00 to 05:00 or 06:00 or 07:00. Some sleep best from midnight to seven or eight. These variations are normal.

How much sleep is enough also depends on age. Children need more sleep than adults. Newborn babies sleep about 18 hours per day. Small babies sleep many times a day; human babies do not develop circadian rhythms before they are 3 - 4 months old. At the age of 1 year, they sleep for about 14 hours. A nine-year-old should sleep about 9-10 hours per day and teenagers, too, need that much sleep. Adults who sleep less than about 8 hours a day perform worse than those who sleep that long.

(4) People may have trouble going to sleep, staying asleep or getting enough sleep. This usually means that they are too sleepy in the daytime. There are many things that influence sleep. Also some substances, called stimulants - coffee is such an example - can cause poor sleep. When people have just eaten something, the body is busy digesting. This can cause poor sleep, too. Worrying and stress can cause poor sleep. There are many diseases that cause poor sleep. Fever can lead to bad dreams. Poor sleep can be a side effect of some medications. Sleep disorders directly influence how a person sleeps. Examples of sleep disorders are narcolepsy, sleep apnea and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep specialists - doctors specializing in sleeping problems - often suggest better sleep hygiene to people with sleeping problems. Sleep hygiene means things people can try, such as avoiding extreme emotion in the hours before sleep; trying to get up at the same time every day, sleeping in a cool, quiet and very dark place; avoiding bright light the last hour before bedtime; avoiding a big meal just before bedtime, and getting enough exercise every day.

Задание:

В соответствии с содержанием текста выберите ответ на вопрос:

Что может стать причиной плохих сновидений?

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