Must Ehsan development sdn. Bhd (416297-u)

· No. 46G, Jalan PJU 5/22

· The Strand Encorp

· PusatPerdagangan Kota Damansara

· Kota Damansara PJU 5

· 47810 Petaling Jaya

· Selangor Darul Ehsan

· +603 - 6142 3777

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Element of building

The structure form of the building is reinforced concrete frame. Beam and column are required in the building as the walls are all non-load bearing walls.

2.1 Ground Floor:

Ground floor characteristics

· Simple design

· Minimum problem that related to distance of span

· Decision to construct solid floor or suspended ground floor will depends on nature of the building and site condition

· Load will be supported by the ground

Design notes

The design functions that should be taken in consideration of construction are:

· Sufficient strength and stability

· Exclusion of dampness from inside of building

· Thermal insulation

· Resistance to fire

· The provision of a uniform, level surface

Case Study

The ground floor of the case study is a solid ground floor.

Construction steps for a solid ground floor.

1. Clear the construction area

2. Remove topsoil / unsuitable material (225 mm)

3. Compact and level the soil

4. Place hard-core and compact it

Hard-core plays the role to fill in any small pockets that have formed during excavation in order to provide a firm base for placing concrete bed and to help spread any point loads over a greater area.

5. Place Damp Proof Membrane

6. Prepare formwork

7. Prepare lean concrete (50 – 75mm) in order to ensure the reinforcement didn’t touch the ground.

8. Place Reinforcement Bar to increase the strength

9. Pour concrete (1:2:4) with thickness of (150mm) and level it.

10. Place concrete of (25-50mm) thickness.

11. Rendering process

Placing damp proof membrane before pouring concrete

Pouring concrete

Concrete slab finishes

2.2 Upper floor: case study

Upper floor of the semi-d houses is using one way slabs. One way slab also know as concrete slab where the reinforcing steel runs perpendicular to the supporting beams, that is, one way.

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Beam

Wall

It is various external and internal walls suitable for not more than two storey common buildings. Load bearing brick wall and block wall work to domestic dwellings whereas non-load bearing walls and partitions. Damp-proof courses are used.A continuous and vertical structure which thin in proportion to its length and height.

External wall – provide shelter

Internal wall – divide buildings into rooms or compartments

Function

· To provide protection from weather, animal

· To divide the areas

· Act as sound barriers

· As fire walls to attenuate the spread of fire from one building unit to another

· Separate the interior spaces

· To improve the building appearance

· To provide privacy

Case study

Our case study, using clay bricks. The bond of the bond is stretcher bond. Site used one brick wall and half brick wall. The one brick wall is used in the fire protection wall whereas others are the half brick wall. Non-load bearing wall are functions in the building. To identify it is a non-load bearing wall, one way slab in the building proved that is.The non-load bearing wall also known as an interior wall. It does not carry other load than its own load.

There are a few types of non-load bearing wall.

For example:

· Hollow Concrete Block

· Façade Bricks

· Hollow Bricks

· Brick Wall (115mm, 225mm)

The Brick wall that used in the case study is common class, it’s suitable for general building work.

Brick wall

3. Spread the mortar to cover four or five bricks

4. Cut off the mortarprojecting over the edge of the bricks

1. Lay a trowel of mortar on the top of the bricks

2. Tilt the trowel and lay a windrow of mortar along the row of bricks

2.3.3 Basic steps for laying bricks:

6. The bricks is positioned to receive the mortar for the head joint

5. Make a shallow furrow in the line of mortar

7. Lay mortar on the end of the brick

8. Place the brick on the mortar bed and press against the adjacent bricks to close the head joint. Check it for levelness and correct height. Strike off surplus mortar that is squeezed out of the joints.

Ceiling

A normal ceiling is fixed directly to the rafters or other structural timber. A suspended ceiling not fixed; wires are fixed to the structure from which are hung lightweight metal fittings which take ceiling tiles. A suspended ceiling can be know as a ceiling which is attached to a framework suspended from the main structure thus forming a void between the ceiling and the underside of the main structure.Suspended ceilings are commonplace in modern construction.

In some cases used to lower what is defined as an excessively high ceiling, sometimes for noise control (the tiles are very effective at absorbing sound). The void above the tiles is good for concealing light fixtures, wiring, plumbing, ventilation ducts etc. which are still easily accessible simply by removing tiles.

Case study

Both suspended and non-suspended ceiling are used in the case study. Suspended ceiling are used on top of floor where the non-suspended ceiling are used down at the ground floor. Suspended ceiling gives a few advantages to the building.

For example:

· reduce noise

· resists moisture

· improve insulation

· low heating costs suspended ceiling tiles

· meet fire safety regulations.

Typical suspended ceiling support system

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16