Background information

PRACTICAL WORK 2

DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES COMPLEX FOR HUMAN SAFETY IN THE VICINITY OF

HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION FACILITY

Purpose of the work:

- to define priority chemical substances in atmospheric air and basic sources of air pollution;

- to investigate an adverse impact of priority air pollutants on human health;

- to learn the methodology of harmful substances concentration calculation in atmospheric air due to emissions of hazardous production facility;

- to get knowledge and practical skills concerning standards and means of air quality regulation to provide human safety conditions in the vicinity of hazardous production facility.

Objectives:

- to calculate the maximum short-term concentration of harmful substances in atmospheric air due to hazardous production facility emissions with taking into account meteorological conditions;

- to compare the calculated maximum short-term concentration with established sanitary-hygienic standard for specified harmful substance;

- to assess the maximum permissible discharge and size of sanitary protection zone for considered hazardous production facility.

Background information

Chemical hazard of the environment causes air, water and soil pollution which also leads to the accumulation of toxins in food, water and soil.

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.

Hazardous production facility (HPF) is the industrial object, where different kinds of emergent situations (incidents) are possible, which can lead to significant consequences and multiple aspects of harm: for health, life of humans and for the environment that relates to the sphere of ecological safety.

Harmful substance is a matter, which in case of violation of safety requirements and in contact with human body can be followed with production traumas, professional diseases or deviations in health, that are displayed by contemporary methods as in work, so as in future of current life and of consequent generations. A harm of the particular substance depends on its physical structure and state, physical and chemical properties, concentrations, ways of penetration in organisms at the moment of poisoning and on labour conditions. Depending on exposure on human health, chemical substances are subdivided into the following groups: toxicological, irritant, mutagenic, carcinogenic, narcotic, suffocating and sensitizers. Depending on exposure on human health, chemical substances are subdivided into following groups: toxicological, irritant, mutagenic, carcinogenic, narcotic, suffocating and sensitizers.

Basic terms: harmful substance, pollution, lethal dose, maximum permissible concentration, sanitary protection zone

References: [3.1] - [3.8].

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16