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In addition to the lawyers and the judge, three other people will play an important role in the trial. The court reporter, who sits close to the witnesses and the judge, puts down every word that is spoken during the trial and also may record the proceedings on tape. The clerk, who sits right below the judge, keeps track of all documents and exhibits and notes down important events in the trial. The bailiff helps to keep the trial running smoothly. The jury is in the custody of the bailiff, who sees to the jurors comfort and convenience and helps them if they are having any problems related to jury service.
TASK 12. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
1. судебный секретарь 2. вещественное доказательство
3. вести запись 4. судебный пристав 5. протоколист суда
Task 13. Choose the correct item.
1. Even though the crime … keeps going on, society is soft on criminals.
a) case b) rate c) numbers
2. At the lowest level of the state courts there are courts of … jurisdiction.
a) limited b) general c) exclusive
3. State courts of general jurisdiction are … to hear more serious criminal and civil cases.
a) given b) empowered c) chosen
4. The idea in identification parades is that a … will pick out the person responsible for the crime from a group of specially selected people.
a) witness b) lawyer c) magistrate
5. Appeals, if made, must be made promptly. They soon become ….
a) a) costly b) time-barred c) illegal
Task 14. Translate the sentences.
2. Мы тщательно расследовали дело об убийстве, собрав все необходимые улики.
3. Смит был удивлен, так как он никогда не слышал, чтобы подобные вещи спрашивали в суде.
4. После того как свидетельские показания собраны, решение о дальнейшей процедуре принимается судебным обвинителем.
5. Когда было объявлено решение суда, подсудимый, не согласный с его решением, направил апелляцию.
6. Я хочу, чтобы мое дело в суде представлял мистер Браун.
7. Так как дверь зала судебных заседаний была открыта, мы заглянули в нее.
8. После того как истец подаст апелляцию, ее может принять и рассмотреть только суд второй инстанции.
9. Он наблюдал, как происходило обследование места преступления.
10. Им нужно, чтобы документы были готовы через день.
Task 15. Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice, if possible.
1. In all societies prescriptive laws regulate relations between people.
2. Sometimes people can break the rules without suffering any penalty.
3. Members of every community have made laws for themselves in selfprotection.
4. Every country tries to provide laws which will help its people to live
safely and comfortably.
5. No country has been successful in producing laws which are entirely satisfactory.
6. Parliament makes laws and courts interpret them, but Parliament makes all changes in the law itself.
7. County courts deal with civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases).
8. The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroners’ courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths).
9. King Hammurabi who gave the world its first great code of laws, lived some two thousand years before Christ and several centuries before the Israelites received the Ten Commandments from Moses.
10. In order that “the strong should not oppress the weak, and that widows and orphans should be rightly dealt with,” Hammurabi had a pillar of stone with 282 legal precepts.
11. They prominently placed the stone, eight feet in height, in the city of Babylon so that all who lived or visited there could have no excuse for not knowing the laws of the country.
12. Legends about Hammurabi and the code of laws which he devised survived.
13. But the world might still be wondering if King Hammurabi really set up the early concepts of justice from which our modern law derives.
14. One can see a great stone pillar in the Louvre museum in Paris that stood in the centre of Babylon more than four thousand years ago and inscribed on it is Hammurabi’s code of laws.
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| Northern Ireland Courts | | | Судебное решение от 27 августа 1992 года |