Читайте также:
|
Outline is the main idea of the article under consideration, which is accompanied by a list of short paraphrases describing all of its most important details. Outline is a preliminary stage of writing a summary (100-150 words or 500-600 characters) of an article. You can see a graphic organizer below:
Examples of paraphrasing
1. Original sentence:
The inspiration – and model – for the paint‘s structure comes from nature: the scales of fast-swimming sharks have evolved in a manner that significantly diminishes drag, or their resistance to the flow of currents.
Paraphrased sentence:
The structure of the innovative paint has natural basis and it includes scales of sharks for reduction of drag.
2. Original sentence:
The unique challenge was to apply the fluid paint evenly in a thin layer on the stencil, and at the same time ensure that it can again be detached from the base even after UV radiation, which is required for hardening.
Paraphrased sentence:
The difficulty was to use the fluid paint and be sure that it can be separated from the base even after UV radiation.
Outline
Main idea
In the article “Prizewinning nanoparticle based ‘sharkskin’ for airplanes, ships and wind energy plants” by NANO Magazine, 2010, Issue 18, the author writes about the necessity of reduction of flow resistance for making lower fuel consumption.
Important details (paraphrased from the corresponding sentences from the text)
1. An innovative paint system lowers the fuel consumption of airplanes and ships as well as costs and CO2 emissions.
2. This system with a natural structure based on skarkskins and it is used to reduce aerodynamic drag.
3. The team of producers of this innovative system was awarded with the 2010 Joseph von Fraunhofer Prize.
4. The innovative paint system contains nanoparticles for stability of paint against UV radiation, temperature change, and mechanical loads.
5. The next step was show how to use the new system.
6. The new innovative system saves 4.48 million tons of fuel for airplanes and 2,000 tons of fuel for a large container ship every year.
7. A new paint can help to energy gain.
Summary
Yvonne Wilke, Dr. Volkmar Stenzel and Manfred Peschka of the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Applied Materials Research IFAM in Bremen developed a new paint system for reduction of aerodynamic drag. The paint has a natural structure and contains nanoparticles creating its stability against UV radiation, temperature change, and mechanical loads. This new paint helps to save annually up to 4.48 million tons of fuel for airplanes and 2,000 tons of fuel for a large container ship every year. The use of this new prize-winning (2010 Joseph von Fraunhofer) paint system is described.
Резюме
Ивонн Вильке, доктор Фолькмар Стинцел и Манфред Пешка из Фраунгоферовского института промышленной инженерии и прикладных материалов IFAM в Бремене разработали новую систему окрашивания для уменьшения аэродинамического сопротивления. Краска имеет естественную структуру и содержит наночастицы, способствующие стабильности краски к воздействию ультрафиолетового излучения, изменениям температуры и механическим нагрузкам. Новая система окрашивания помогает экономить ежегодно до 4480 тысяч тонн топлива для самолетов и 2.000 тонн топлива для больших контейнеровозов. В статье описано использование этой системы окрашивания, которая была отмечена премией Фраунхофера (2010).
Дата добавления: 2015-11-14; просмотров: 47 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
| Prizewinning nanoparticle based ‘sharkskin’ for aeroplanes, ships and wind energy plants | | | Complete this text with the correct tense, present simple or present continuous, of the verbs given. Then check your answers. |