The Judicial Branch of the USA.

to affirm-стверджувати, підтверджувати

to be carved in marble-бути висіченим з мармуру

significant-визначний

to determine-визначати

in accordance with-у відповідності з

to fix-встановлювати, визначати

a chief justice-головний (верховний) суддя

an associate justice-асоційований суддя

to be nominated-бути призначеним

to hold office-займати посаду

to appeal-оскаржувати

to claim-стверджувати

unjust- несправедливий

a violation-порушення

responsibility-відповідальність

to affect-впливати

to halt-зупиняти, припиняти

rulings-рішення

void-недійсний

minorities-меншість

interpretation-тлумачення

the power of judicial review-право судового перегляду

voluntary retirement-добровільна відставка

impeachment-обвинувачення та притягнення до відповідальності

a trial-судовий процес

jurisdiction-право здійснення правосуддя

to arise out of-виникати, походити

maritime cases-морські справи

ordinarily-звичайно

to settle arguments-вирішувати спірні питання

The words "Equal Justice under Law" are carved in marble on front of the four-storey building, the Supreme Court of the United State.

The Supreme Court watches over the legislative and executive branches. It determines whether or not their laws and acts are in accordance with the Constitution. Congress has the power to fix the number of judges sitting on the Court, but it cannot change the powers given to the Supreme Court by the Constitution itself. The Supreme Court consists of a chief and eight associate justices. They are nominated by the President but must be approved by the Senate. Once approved, they hold office as Supreme Court Justices for life. A decision of the Supreme Court cannot be appealed to any other court. It is the Court of final appeal. The responsibility and power of these nine people can affect the lives of all Americans and can change society significantly.

With minor exception, all its cases reach the Court on appeal from lower federal or state courts. Most of these cases involve disputes over the interpretation of laws and legislation. In this capacity, the Courts most important function consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution. This power of judicial review is not specifically provided for by the Constitution; rather, it is the Court's interpretation of its Constitutional role.

In addition to the Supreme Court, the Congress has established 11 federal courts of appeal and, below them, 91 federal district courts. Federal judges are appointed for life or voluntary retirement, and can only be removed from office through the process of impeachment and trial in the Congress.

Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution; laws and treaties of the United States; maritime cases; issues involving foreign citizens or governments; and cases in which the federal government itself is a party. Ordinarily, federal courts do not hear cases arising out of the laws of individual states.

The judicial branch has the power to:

- decide what a law means;

- decide if a law agrees with the Constitution or disagrees with it;

- decide if actions of the President agree with the Constitution or disagree with it;

- settle arguments between the states and protect the right of the people.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14