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I. Skim the text for general understanding. Pay attention to the words in bold.

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  2. A general model for introducing new language
  3. A syntactic word-group is a combination of words forming one part of the sentence.
  4. A) Before listening, read the definitions of the words and phrases below and understand what they mean.
  5. A) Complete the gaps with the words from the box.
  6. A) Pronunciation drill. Pronounce the words, then look at the given map and fill in the table below.
  7. A) time your reading. It is good if you can read it for four minutes (80 words per minute).

Unit 1. Clothing and Garment

A. Lead-in

Ø What is a garment?

Ø What kind of clothes do you prefer: classical or sport?

Ø What do you use for every day wear?

Ø Look at the items of garment and accessories. Which of them do you often use?

Reading

Clothing and accessories

I. Skim the text for general understanding. Pay attention to the words in bold.

Clothing protects the human body from extreme weather and other features of the environment. It is worn for safety, comfort, and modesty and to reflect religious, cultural and social meaning.

The practical function of clothing is to protect the human body from dangers in the environment: weather (strong sunlight, extreme heat or cold, and precipitation, for example), insects, noxious chemicals, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances, and other hazards. Clothing can protect against many things that might injure the naked human body. In some cases clothing protects the environment from the clothing wearer as well (example: medical scrubs).

Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to practical problems and the distinction between clothing and other protective equipment is not always clear-cut; examples include space suit, air conditioned clothing, armour, diving suit, swimsuit, bee-keeper's costume, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and protective clothing.

People also decorate their bodies with makeup or cosmetics, scented perfume, and other ornamentation; they also cut, dye, and arrange the hair on their heads, faces, and bodies (see hairstyle), and sometimes also mark their skin (by tattoos, scarifications, and piercings). All these decorations contribute to the overall effect and message of clothing, but do not constitute clothing.

Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses, canes, and umbrellas) are normally counted as fashion accessories rather than as clothing, but hats and small dress sweaters can be called clothing or accessories. Jewellery and eyeglasses are usually counted as accessories as well, even though in common speech these items are described as being worn rather than carried.

 

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Крестьянская война под руководством С. Разина| Origin and History of Clothing
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