Прошедшие времена.

(PAST TENSES)

Таблица. Употребление и образование Past Simple, Past Progressive, Past Perfect, Past Perfect – Progressive.

	Форма	Индикаторы времени	Вопросительная форма	Отрицатель-ная форма
Simple	V-ed, V2	In the XI-th century, yesterday, last week, many years ago	Did + подлежащее + V1…?	подлежащее + did + not +V1….
Progressive	Was (I, he, she, it)/were (we, you, they) + Ving	at that moment, from…till yesterday	Was/were+ подлежащее + Ving …?	подлежащее + was/were + not + Ving…
Perfect	Had + V3, V-ed	by 5 o’clock yesterday, before he came, by the end of the month	Had + подлежащее + V3, V-ed …?	подлежащее + had + not + V3, V-ed…
Perfect – progressive	Had + been + Ving	For a month, for a long time … before/when …, since 5 o’clock/when he left	Had + подлежащее + been + Ving…?	подлежащее + had+ not + been + Ving …

NOTE. Три основные модели построения сложных предложений в прошедшем времени:

действие	примеры
Past Simple ↓ Past Progressive (В течение одного действия вклинивается другое действие)	She sat still while he was playing the sonata. As I was going inside, he stopped me. I was writing a letter when you came.
1 + 2 Past Past Simple Perfect Одно действие закончилось до начала другого	When he came to the station the train hadalready left. She went to the post-office when she had written the letter.
,,,, Перечисление действий в прошлом, цепь событий	The secretary typed the letter,put it into the envelope and gave it to the messenger boy. Then dinner came to the end, and Eva remained to clear away while the three men sat on the verandah.

Упражнение 1. Past Simple or Past Progressive.

1. He (broke/ was breaking) his leg when he (skied/ was skiing) in the Alps.

2. They (listened/ were listening) to the orchestra when the pianist (became/ was becoming) ill.

3. We (saw/ were seeing) an accident while we (waited/ were waiting) for the bus.

4. While she (prepared/ was preparing) lunch, she (cut/ was cutting) her finger.

5. We (met/ were meeting) while we (lived/ were living) in Italy.

6. A strange man (walked/ was walking) into the room. He (wore/ was wearing) red trousers and pink shirt.

7. They (lived/ were living) in Canada when they (met/ were meeting) each other.

8. What (did you write/ were you writing) when your computer (crashed/ was crashing)?

9. As he (passed/ was passing) the bank, a man in a mask (knocked/ was knocking) him onto the ground.

10. Jack (drove/ was driving) home from work when he (saw/ was seeing) the accident.

11. Tom (arrived/ was arriving) while the children (had/ were having) their bath.

Упражнение 2. Past Simple or Past Perfect, or Past Perfect Progressive.

1. I (enjoyed/ was enjoying) the film even though I (saw/ had seen) it before.

2. They (lived/ had lived/ had been living) in their house for twenty years when they (decided/ had decided) to sell it.

3. My sister (bought/ had bought) me a novel but I (already read/ had already read) it.

4. As soon as I (heard/ had heard) his voice, I (knew/ had known) we (met/ had met) before.

5. When I (opened/ had opened/ had been opening) the door, the lesson (already began/ had been already beginning/ had already begun).

6. She (painted/ had painted) the wall before the children (came/ had come) home.

7. The students (didn’t finish/ hadn’t finished) the test when the bell (rang/ had rung).

8. I (met/ had met) Ann a week ago. She (just returned/ had just returned) from a business trip.

9. I (tried/ had tried/ had been trying) to phone John in the morning, but he (already left/ had already left/ had been already leaving).

10. I (finished/ had finished) writing the project by 6 o’clock yesterday.

11. She (was/ had been/ had been being) a nurse for ten years.

Упражнение 3. Past Simple or Past Perfect, or Past Progressive. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

Yesterday Ann (to see) a strange man leaving the house. She (to notice) that he (to wear) a raincoat, and she (to wonder) why because it (to be) hot and sunny. The man (not to see) her. He (to begin) to walk away but he (to stop) suddenly and (to get) into a blue car that (to be) parked near the corner. Ann (to notice) a large bag by the wall. She was frightened as she (to watch) a programme about bombs the night before. So she (to decide) to phone the police. By the time they (to arrive), the man (to go).

Упражнение 4. Correct mistakes in the following sentences.

1. When I came she watched television.

2. He wrote his letter by 10 o’clock yesterday.

3. After he has read the book, he wrote a composition.

4. He ate a sandwich when we saw him.

5. What have you done by 5 o’clock last night?

6. Who is singing when you came?

7. John is playing football for 2 years before he joined the sports club.

8. He said they had danced since 6 o’clock last night.

9. George knew that his friend is learning French for two years already.

10. Paul waits for Nora for half an hour when she came.

11. Tim called when she does homework.

Упражнение 5. Put the following sentences into negative form.

1. She was working quietly at her desk when suddenly the door opened.

2. Ann played the piano last night.

3. Jane had visited all her friends by the end of her winter holidays.

4. We had come home before it began to rain.

5. I was sleeping when you called.

6. I slipped when I was getting off the bus.

7. My brother arrived yesterday morning.

8. We had been working for two hours last Sunday.

9. He had been learning English for three years.

10. They were flying over Canada yesterday at 6 p.m.

11. We traveled a lot last year.

Упражнение 6. Put all types of questions to the following sentences.

1. We chatted for an hour and then went to see Liz.

2. I saw him last month.

3. Mum was cooking dinner at that time.

4. Her sister was making a cake when they arrived.

5. My friend had repaired his TV-set by the end of the month.

6. The children had cleaned the room before their parents came home.

7. He had been hunting for a day when he decided to come back.

8. The workers had been on strike for three weeks when the agreement on pay had been reached.

Упражнение 7. Put the verbs into correct form, the Past Simple or the Past Progressive.

1. Mary (play) the piano; John (read); m my wife (sew); when suddenly we all (hear) a shout. 2. When the doctor (leave) the hospital, he (catch) a glimpse of himself in the glass front door. 3. When her father (come) in she (sit) before a red tea-table, finishing a very good tea. 4. Next day, while he (shave) he (cut) himself slightly. 5. The door of his room was opened; his mother still (stand) at the window. 6. And, smiling to himself, he (begin) to make plans, fantastic plans for the future. He still (smile) when he (walk) up the rock-cut steps. 7. I (sleep) soundly when the phone (ring). 8. We (sit) on our front porch when Mr Smith (drive) up in his new car. 9. Crosby (cross) the street when the car (strike) him. 10. It (drizzle) when they (come) out of the house. 11. When the World War II (break), John (live) in Holland. 12. It (get) dark and I (suggest) that we should go down. 13. John (come) in, (look) at the fire, (stand) a moment, (turn) and (go) away. 14. As I (walk) home yesterday, I (meet) a beggar who (ask) me for some money. 15. We (come) into the dining-room while our parents (eat) supper.

Упражнение 8. Put the verbs into correct form, the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.

1. We (sit) down to the table only when all the guests (arrive). 2. There was a curious expression on his face I never (see) before. 3. Almost opposite (be) that gallery where she first (meet) him and me. 4. He (come) into the room a moment after I (get) there. 5. When he (return) at eleven o’clock the telegram (arrive). 6. From downstairs (come) the sound of a radio playing a song he never (hear) before. 7. And, paying for what he (not/eat), he (go) out, passing two acquaintances without sign of recognition. 8. Very deliberately and carefully Poirot (retell) the conversation he (hold) with Saitrana at Wessex House. 9. Julia, who (go) half way down one flight, (come) back. 10. There (be) something vaguely familiar about her face but I couldn’t remember where I (see) her before. 11. He (re-read) what he (write). 12. When Val (leave) them, Soames and Winifred (make) their way to the Cheshire Cheese. 13. She (be) ill for two days when we (learn) about it. 14. About twenty people already (arrive) when they (enter) the hall. 15. We (not/go) far when we suddenly (notice) the dark clouds on the horizon.

Упражнение 9. Put the verbs into correct form, the Past Simple, the Past Progressive or the Past Perfect.

1. He (close) the window and (sit) in his armchair, reading a newspaper. 2. When I (arrive) the lecture already (start). 3. The rain (stop) and the sun (shine) brightly. 4. Unfortunately when I (arrive) Ann just (leave), so we only (have) time for a few words. 5. I (watch) his eyes pretty closely while we (exchange) these remarks. 6. When we (reach) the field, the game already (start). 7. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction. 8. When I (look) for my passport, I (find) this old photograph. 9. You (look) very busy when I (see) you last night. What you (do)? 10. He (not/be) there five minutes, when the storm (begin). 11. He (not/allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind
(blow). 12. I (call) Paul at 7.00 but it wasn’t necessary because he already (get) up. 13. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not/recognize) him at first because I (not/wear) my glasses. 14. When he (seal and stamp) the envelope, he (go) back to the window and (draw) a long breath. 15. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick? – I (use) it because I (hurt) my leg that morning.

Упражнение 10. Put the verbs into correct form, the Past Simple, the Past Progressive, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Progressive.

1. Nobody (know) where Smith (go). 2. A girl who (stand) under the beech tree (come) up to us. 3. Mary (speak) to Mr Boxwell when I (see) her in the corridor this morning. 4. John (park) the car in Fifth Avenue when a young man in black glasses (appear) from nowhere and (stand) before him. 5. He again (come) to the village where he (live) in his childhood. 6. While we (talk), there (come) a loud knock at the door. 7. He (look) into the drawing-room. The old man (sleep) peacefully in the armchair at the fire-place. 8. when their visitor (leave) John and his mother (stand) near the window. 9. When he (dress), he (go) downstairs, (write) a long letter to his parents and another to his sister. 10. She (sit) at the table only five minutes when a car (come). 11. When he (come) back to the conference room, he (see) that the situation (change). 12. The three (sit) down to the meal that Susan (prepare). 13. He (sit) thinking of his wife whom he (leave) alone in Europe. 14. In his turn Jolyon (look) back at his son. He (want) to talk about many things that he (be) unable to talk about all these years. 15. My sister’s wedding (be) the only thing everybody (talk) at home for the last two weeks.

Упражнение 11. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Мы начали этот опыт на прошлой неделе. 2. Они вернулись домой в 7 часов. 3. Я посидел на скамейке с полчаса, а потом начал читать книгу. 4. Я встретила Лену около трёх лет назад благодаря своим родителям. 5. Они вернулись в дом, когда пошёл дождь. 6. Они пришли в то время, когда я работал в саду. 7. Вода в чайнике кипела, когда мои друзья вернулись в лагерь. 8. Я заметил, когда вошёл, что кто-то забыл свой зонтик. 9. Дождь прекратился, но в воздухе был ещё лёгкий туман. 10. Прошло некоторое время, прежде чем они поняли, что ему нечего было сказать. 11. Я удивился тому, какие успехи она сделала, учитывая, как мало времени прошло с тех пор, как я видел её в последний раз. 12. когда рассвело, ещё дул штормовой ветер, но снег прекратился. 13. Она смертельно поссорилась с моим мужем десять минут назад. 14. Я думаю, он показал мне около тридцати картин. Это был результат шести лет, в течении которых он рисовал. 15. Она изучала искусство рисования три года, прежде чем стала работать в издательстве. Когда я попросил её сделать иллюстрации к моей книге, она заканчивала иллюстрировать свою первую книгу. 16. Она больше не получала от него писем. Он перестал писать за три года до этого. 17. Он путешествовал уже два дня, но выглядел свежим и не чувствовал усталости. 18. Не успел он подойти к двери, как встретил своих школьных друзей. 19. Мы ехали два часа, когда наконец увидели озеро. 20. Я встретилась с ним у своих друзей три года тому назад, и с тех пор ничего о нём не слышала.

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