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Middle East and North Africa in turmoil
Anti-government protests are spreading rapidly through the Middle East and North Africa. Use this chart to keep up with all of the demonstrations, day by day.
NOTE: Lebanon is currently without a working government.
Feb. 19, 2011
Algerian police thwart a rally of pro-democracy supporters, breaking up the crowd to keep them from marching. Police brandishing clubs, but no firearms, weave their way through the crowd in central Algiers, banging their shields, tackling some protesters and keeping traffic flowing.
Feb. 12, 2011
Heavily outnumbered by riot police, thousands of Algerians defy government warnings and dodge barricades to rally in their capital, demanding democratic reforms a day after mass protests toppled Egypt's autocratic ruler. Protesters chant "No to the police state!" and "Give us back our Algeria."
Though no violence is reported, more than 400 protesters are briefly detained. Officials place the turnout at 1,500, but an estimated 10,000 actually participate in the demonstration before it is broken up. Food riots took place throughout the country in early January. Bank employers and hospital workers have led strikes demanding better pay and benefits. A group called "The Coordination for Democratic Change in Algeria" has organized another protest for Feb. 19.
July 13, 2011
A Bahraini woman jailed for reciting poems critical of Gulf kingdom's rulers during a wave of protests earlier this year is released from prison. Ayat al-Qurmezi, 20, became a celebrity among protesters after reciting poems critical of Bahrain's king and prime minister. Al-Qurmezi was detained in March. Last month she was convicted of anti-state crimes in a special security tribunal and sentenced to a year in prison.
July 5, 2011
A Bahraini opposition figure says reconciliation talks between the Sunni monarchy and the Shiite opposition start for the first time since anti-government protests erupted in the Gulf kingdom. Washington has pushed for dialogue in the strategic island nation, home to the U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet. The protests that began in February - inspired by wider Arab uprisings - have been the gravest challenge to any Gulf ruler in decades.
July 1, 2011
Bahrain's biggest Shiite bloc will join reconciliation talks with Sunni rulers despite a harsh crackdown on pro-reform protests in the Gulf kingdom, party leaders say on the eve of the government-led dialogue. The decision by the group, Al Wefaq, lends important credibility to the U.S.-encouraged talks after more than four months of Shiite-led protests for greater rights and harsh crackdowns.
June 29, 2011
Bahrain's king says that an independent commission will investigate allegations that protesters' rights were violated during the deadly crackdown on anti-government unrest. King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa's announcement comes as Sunni rulers are trying to open reconciliation talks with the Shiite-led opposition, months after the regime crushed the protest campaign for greater freedoms.
June 28, 2011
A Saudi military official says that next week, the kingdom plans to pull out some units of the 1,500-strong Gulf force sent to Bahrain to help quell a Shiite-led uprising demanding more rights. An adviser to Bahrain's king says there are no plans for a full withdrawal.
June 27, 2011
The mass trial of 28 Bahraini health professionals who treated injured anti-government protesters resume in a special security court. The prosecution of 28 doctors and nurses, who are charged with participating in efforts to topple Bahrain's monarchy, signals that the kingdom's Sunni rulers do not intend to end their relentless pursuit of the Shiite-led opposition despite appeals for dialogue.
June 22, 2011
Bahraini protesters pour back to the streets after a security court sentenced eight Shiite activists to life in prison. The fast and angry reaction to the verdicts - the most significant display of unrest in weeks - underscores the volatility in the island nation after four months of unrest and raises questions about whether any credible pro-reform leaders will heed calls by the Sunni monarchy to open talks next week.
June 6, 2011
Dozens of doctors and nurses who treated injured anti-government protesters go on trial in a security court on allegations they participated in efforts to overthrow the Gulf country's monarchy. The prosecution of 47 health professionals is a sign that Bahrain's Sunni rulers will not end their relentless pursuit of the Shiite-led opposition despite officially lifting emergency rule last week. The doctors and nurses are arraigned during a closed hearing.
June 1, 2011
Eleven weeks after it called in foreign troops to crush an anti-government uprising, Bahrain announces Tuesday that it is ending the country's state of emergency and inviting opponents to join wide-ranging talks on political reform. The announcement by Bahrain's royal palace comes amid reports of a pullback of troops and tanks from some parts of the capital, Manama, which has remained under military control since the start of the crackdown March 15.
May 16, 2011
An influential Bahraini business group decides to freeze ties with Iran, Iraq and Lebanon in response to what it claims is foreign meddling during Shiite-led protests in the Gulf kingdom. The move by the Bahrain Chamber of Commerce and Industry is likely to ratchet up tensions between the small island nation - which is ruled by a Sunni monarchy and is home to the U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet - and Shiite powerhouse Iran and its allies.
May 16, 2011
Bahrain's special security court postpones until next week the trial of 21 mostly Shiite opposition leaders and political activists accused of plotting against the state. The suspects - 14 in custody and the others being tried in absentia - are accused of attempting to overthrow the 200-year-old Sunni dynasty
May 8, 2011
Bahrain's king sets a fast-track timetable to end martial-law-style rule in a bid to display confidence that authorities have smothered an uprising for reforms even as rights groups denounce the hard-line measures. The announcement to lift emergency rule two weeks early, on June 1, comes just hours after the start of a closed-door trial of activists accused of plotting to overthrow the Persian Gulf state's rulers.
April 18, 2011
Gulf troops will stay indefinitely in Bahrain as a counter to perceived threats from Iran, which the island kingdom's Sunni rulers have used as a reason for their harsh crackdown on the country's Shiite opposition. Bahrain's foreign minister, Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa, told reporters that Iran is a real threat and the Gulf force is needed to counter Tehran's 'sustained campaign' in Bahrain, the host of the U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet.
April 14, 2011
Bahrain's government appears to be pulling back from plans to dismantle main Shiite opposition parties after criticism from Washington and other allies. The state-run Bahrain News Agency says that authorities are holding off any action until the outcome of investigations into the main Shiite political group, Wefaq, and a smaller Shiite bloc.
April 13, 2011
Bahrain's Shiite opposition party said Wednesday that another one of its supporters, the fourth to date, had died in police custody. Al Wefaq, Bahrain's main opposition party in the Sunni-ruled Gulf country, says Haji Karim Fakhrawi died in "mysterious circumstances," while his relatives pointed to a body covered in bruises saying he had died of torture.
April 4, 2011
Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad calls on regional rival Saudi Arabia to pull its troops out of Bahrain, where they are helping a Sunni monarchy put down a Shiite-led protest movement demanding equal rights and a political voice.
April 3, 2011
Bahraini authorities lifted a ban on the main opposition newspaper after its three top editors resigned to save the paper from a campaign to muzzle anti-government media and crack down on the Shiite opposition in the Sunni-ruled Gulf nation. Al-Wasat, the country's most popular newspaper, did not appear Sunday after Bahrain's Information Ministry ordered it to close down. Al-Wasat's online edition was also blocked. The state-run Bahrain News Agency accused the paper of "unethical" coverage of the uprising against the country's rulers.
March 17, 2011
Authorities arrest at least six opposition leaders and accuse them of inciting murder and destruction of property. Opposition groups say the leaders were arrested as part of an apparently widening crackdown on protests by members of Bahrain's Shiite majority, who harbor mounting grievances against the tiny Persian Gulf state's Sunni monarchy.
March 16, 2011
Soldiers and riot police used tear gas and armored vehicles to drive out hundreds of anti-government protesters occupying a landmark square in Bahrain's capital. Demonstrators say at least two people were killed. Video: Soldiers clear out protest camp in Bahrain
March 15, 2011
The king of Bahrain declares a three-month state of emergency a day after Saudi troops enter the tiny island nation to help prop up its Sunni monarchy. The "State of National Safety," which officials say is one level below martial law, is announced by the Bahrain Information Affairs Authority and broadcast on state television.
March 14, 2011
Saudi armored personnel carriers roll over a causeway into Bahrain. The extraordinary intervention appears to demonstrate that Bahrain's neighbors will do whatever is necessary to bring an end to unrest that has threatened the region's smallest and weakest kingdom. "Bahrain is a red line," a senior Saudi official says. He says the deployment was part of an intervention authorized by the Gulf Cooperation Council in response to a direct request from Bahrain.
March 13, 2011
Security forces and protesters clashed in Bahrain during the most violent day in weeks. Witnesses in Bahrain say that more than 100 people are injured after police fire tear gas at protesters and attack them with batons. The demonstrators are trying to shut down the financial center of Manama, Bahrain's capital, on the first day of the country's workweek. Protesters throw gas canisters and stones at police.
March 11, 2011
Demonstrators in Bahrain who have been on the streets for almost a month calling for democratic reforms are attacked by government supporters brandishing sticks and knives, witnesses say. Police fire tear gas on the protesters as they attempt to march to a royal complex on the outskirts of Manama, the capital.
March 6, 2011
Thousands of Shiite opposition supporters block the entrance to the Bahraini prime minister's office but fail to disrupt a government meeting as the campaign for reform in the strategic Gulf nation enters its third week. The protesters demand that the prime minister step down because of corruption and a deadly crackdown on the opposition in which seven people were killed.
Feb. 28, 2011
Hundreds of anti-government protesters block access to Bahrain's parliament and force officials to cancel a meeting of the ruler's hand-picked envoys. The demonstration appears part of a strategy to hold rallies at sensitive locations in the capital Manama. The idea is to boost pressure on the monarchy following two weeks of marches and clashes that have left seven dead.
Feb. 24, 2011
A government spokeswoman says a prominent opposition leader will not be arrested if he returns to Bahrain, but it remains unclear whether he is free to travel. The possible return of Hassan Meshaima after months of voluntary exile in London could mark a new phase for the protest movement as the Gulf island's monarchy tries to open talks to end the most severe political crisis in decades in the nation.
Feb. 22, 2011
Tens of thousands of Shiite-led protesters fill the central district of Bahrain's capital in the largest demonstration since the campaign against the government began eight days ago. King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa also orders the release of some political prisoners in a concession to the opposition, but it is unclear how many will actually be released.
Feb. 19, 2011
Anti-government protesters stream back into Bahrain's Pearl Square roundabout Saturday to continue their push for political reforms after tanks and armored personnel carriers rumble out of the capital following an order by the crown prince for the military to withdraw.
Feb. 18, 2011
Thousands of pro-government marchers rally in Manama on Friday in support of Bahrain's king, a day after authorities cracked down on protesters and imposed a state of emergency.
Elsewhere around the Bahraini capital, armored personnel carriers remain parked on a bridge above Pearl Square, where riot police violently displaced mostly Shiite anti-government demonstrators the day before.
Feb. 17, 2011
Swelling anti-government protests in Manama are broken up in a predawn raid by police who use tear gas, clubs and rubber bullets to clear the crowd. At least two people are killed, and protesters say others are critically injured. There is no official word on casualties from Bahrain's authorities.
Hours later, tanks rumble into Manama as Apache helicopters fly overhead. Military vehicles and police block roads, and some areas are cordoned off with barbed wire. The Bahraini national security council meets and declares a state of emergency.
Feb. 14, 2011
Demonstrators face rubber bullets and birdshot to demand more freedoms in the relative wealth of Bahrain. At least 25 people are injured, and one man dies after suffering severe head trauma. Police later use vans and other vehicles to block main roads into the capital of Manama to prevent a mass gathering that organizers intend as an homage to Egypt's Tahrir Square.
The date of the protests is the anniversary of Bahrain's 2002 constitution, which brought an elected parliament and other pro-democracy reforms to the country. Bahrain is the home of the U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet, which plays a major role in obstructing Iran's attempts to expand its influence in the region.
Nov. 22, 2011
Three Americans studying at the American University in Cairo have been arrested and accused of participating in the violent demonstrations that are sweeping this capital city.
Nov. 21, 2011
Pressure mounts on Egypt's military leaders as swelling numbers of protesters on the streets of Cairo dismissed a resignation offer from Egypt’s cabinet.
Nov. 20, 2011
The second day of deadly clashes has plunged the country into a political crisis that could imperil Egypt’s first post-revolt elections, just a week away.
Nov. 19, 2011
Egyptian security forces fired tear gas and rubber bullets Saturday during hours-long clashes with protesters who were trying to set up a permanent protest camp in downtown Cairo’s Tahrir Square.
Sep. 30, 2011
Thousands of Egyptians turned out in the capital’s Tahrir Square on Friday to “reclaim the revolution,” about nine months after the winter uprising that ousted an autocrat and brought the country’s military leadership to power.
July 13, 2011
Egypt sacks nearly 600 top police officers, the start of a promised cleansing of a force blamed for chronic abuses during the rule of Hosni Mubarak, state television reports. The move by Interior Minister Mansour el-Eissawy marks a first step toward meeting the main demand of protesters encamped in Cairo's Tahrir Square.
July 12, 2011
Egypt's military leaders harden their stance, saying that they will not allow the disruption of public life or the "hijacking" of their authority as they call on Egyptians to disavow protests that disturb daily routines.
July 8, 2011
Tens of thousands of Egyptians gather in Tahrir Square, the symbol of the uprising that ousted President Hosni Mubarak this year, to protest what they perceive as an unwillingness to prosecute Mubarak-era officials and police responsible for the killing of nearly 900 protesters.
July 6, 2011
Egypt's security chief says hundreds of high-ranking police officers will be sacked for their role in a harsh crackdown on anti-government protests earlier this year. Interior Minister Mansour el-Essawi says the July 14 shakeup will be the largest in the history of his ministry. He also ordered an investigation into the killings of nearly 850 protesters by police during 18-day uprising that forced President Hosni Mubarak to step down Feb 11.
July 5, 2011
Three ministers from the government of deposed president Hosni Mubarak are acquitted on corruption charges by an Egyptian court, while a fourth is found guilty in absentia, according to state media. Anger over corruption and repression generated the 18-day uprising that ended with the ouster of Mubarak in February. Now many Egyptians angrily accuse the courts of not doing enough to hold former officials accountable for their crimes.
June 29, 2011
Demonstrators and police clash outside the Interior Ministry in the Egyptian capital in the most intense battle between the two sides in months. It is unclear whether anyone was killed as fighting continues into the morning, with police surrounding protesters and the demonstrators throwing molotov cocktails at the policemen to push them back. Dozens are reported injured.
June 28, 2011
An Egyptian court orders the dissolution of more than 1,750 municipal councils, seen as one of the last vestiges of deposed President Hosni Mubarak's rule. Members of the councils were chosen in 2008 in elections said to be widely rigged in favor of the former regime, and the ruling to dissolve them meets a main demand of the protest movement that ousted Mubarak.
June 13, 2011
Egypt's most organized and powerful Islamist movement announces it intends to join forces with one of the nation's oldest liberal parties, presenting a formidable coalition for upcoming parliamentary elections. The alliance would unite the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party and the Wafd Party, a liberal party established just after World War I, to run on one candidate list in the elections scheduled for September. The move is likely to be a significant boost for the Brotherhood.
June 9, 2011
The last 19 victims among hundreds killed during Egypt's uprising that toppled President Hosni Mubarak are buried in Cairo, hailed as martyrs who sacrificed their lives for freedom. Their bodies lingered for months in Cairo's morgues, never identified or claimed by anyone, until the authorities gave the go ahead for a communal funeral. A total of 846 Egyptians were killed during the mass street demonstrations when Mubarak's police cracked down on the protesters, shooting many in the head and chest.
June 6, 2011
Hundreds of Egyptians walk in silence as the sun sets over this Mediterranean city to commemorate the anniversary of a beating death that helped spark the country's revolution. Those Alexandria streets over the past year have been the scene of furious protests, looting, clashes and finally euphoria in February when President Hosni Mubarak stepped down. The gathering today stands in stark contrast.
May 17, 2011
Egypt's Justice Ministry orders the wife of deposed President Hosni Mubarak released from custody without bail, after she relinquishes her disputed assets. Suzanne Mubarak, 70, has turned over her property and money to the state valued at some $4 million. The move aims to settle corruption allegations against her, but it is unclear whether she still faces trial.
May 12, 2011
The price tag for the labor unrest and political protests that have roiled Egypt since the outbreak of the mass demonstrations that ousted President Hosni Mubarak has reached 20.5 billion pounds ($3.5 billion), the country's finance minister says. The total is a fresh indication of the bruising taken by the economy since Mubarak's ouster in February. Worker demands for higher wages and ensuing strikes have compounded problems caused by the near-daily protests that continue in the Arab world's most populous nation.
May 7, 2011
Clashes between Muslims and Coptic Christians in a Cairo suburb leave 12 people dead, dozens wounded and a church charred in one of the most serious outbreaks of violence Egypt's interim rulers have faced since taking power in February. The increase in religious violence appears to catch Egypt's military rulers by surprise. They have struggled with continued unrest after a popular uprising that ousted President Hosni Mubarak on Feb. 11.
April 25, 2011
A poll released by the Pew Global Attitudes Project shows Egyptians are deeply skeptical about the United States and its role in their country, but they are also divided in their attitudes about Islamic fundamentalists. Most Egyptians distrust the United States and want to renegotiate their peace treaty with Israel, the poll found.
April 13, 2011
Egypt's top prosecutor orders former President Hosni Mubarak and his sons detained for 15 days for questioning about the origins of their family's wealth and government suppression of the protests that pushed Mubarak from office, state-run media reports.
April 8, 2011
Tens of thousands of Egyptians waved flags and shouted slogans Friday in Cairo's central Tahrir Square, demanding that Hosni Mubarak and his family be put on trial over allegations of corruption in one of the biggest protests since the longtime president was ousted two months ago.
March 30, 2011
Egypt's military rulers announce that the country's first presidential election since the ouster of Hosni Mubarak will be held by November, giving emerging political groups about eight months to organize. The announcement comes 10 days after voters overwhelmingly approve a package of constitutional amendments, but many critics fear that a rapid timetable for elections could give the advantage to the most organized political forces in the country - the Muslim Brotherhood and members of the former ruling party - rather then the newly emerging forces involved in the country's uprising.
March 22, 2011
The Egyptian Interior Ministry, long a symbol of heavy-handed repression, is set ablaze during a protest by police officers demanding more pay and better working conditions from the military-run government.
March 8, 2011
Clashes break out when a Muslim mob attacks thousands of Christians protesting against the burning of a Cairo church. At least 13 people are killed and about 140 wounded, security and hospital officials say. The Muslims torch the church amid an escalation of tensions between the two religious groups over a love affair between a Muslim and a Christian that set off a violent feud between the couple's families.
In Cairo, a mob of angry men beat and sexually assault women marchers calling for political and social equality on International Women's Day. The men - their number estimated to be at least double that of the women's - break through a human chain that other men had formed to protect the marchers. Women say they attempted to stand their ground - until the physical aggression began.
March 5, 2011
Hundreds of protesters storm the headquarters of Egypt's widely feared State Security Investigations agency in Cairo on Saturday and begin sifting through thousands of potentially inflammatory documents, marking another step toward dismantling the administration of ousted President Hosni Mubarak.
State Security was responsible for suppressing domestic political dissent, as well as for internal counterterrorism, and had a reputation for torturing detainees. The unearthed documents could provide information for cases against senior members of Mubarak's government, from the former president on down, and could prove explosive if publicized, analysts say.
Feb. 23, 2011
Former Egyptian police officers seeking to get their jobs back set fire to parts of Egypt's Interior Ministry in Cairo. The former officers set fire to vehicles and parts of the building, including the human resources offices, al Ahram newspaper reports on its Web site. The protesters seem to be reacting to a decision, announced last week, that police fired over the last year will be rehired as part of the democratization of Egypt.
Feb. 21, 2011
Egypt's top prosecutor asks the Foreign Ministry to seek help from foreign governments to seize ousted president Hosni Mubarak's assets, Egyptian state media reports. Public prosecutor Abdel Magid Mahmud says the request will also cover assets in the name of Mubarak's wife, Suzanne, his sons Alaa and Gamal, and their wives.
Feb. 18, 2011
Hundreds of thousands of Egyptians join nationwide demonstrations to mark the fall one week ago of President Hosni Mubarak and to press the country's military leadership to implement democratic reforms. The gatherings emphasize that the Feb. 11 ouster of Mubarak was only the start of reforms that demonstrators demanded during their 18-day revolution to end his 30-year, autocratic rule.
In the center of the square, memorials are set up for the more than 330 people killed during the revolution. Demonstrators chant, "The people demand the trial of the regime."
Feb. 11, 2011
After 18 days of anti-government demonstrations, Vice President Suleiman announces on television that Mubarak has officially resigned and assigned power to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.
Feb. 10, 2011
In another speech, Mubarak refuses to relinquish the presidency despite reports by media outlets and CIA Director Leon Panetta that he would likely resign soon.
Feb. 7, 2011
Demonstrations continue despite new concessions by Mubarak's government, including pension and salary increases. Authorities release Wael Ghonim, an Egyptian executive of Google who had been detained after organizing protests.
Jan. 29, 2011
On state television, Mubarak announces he is removing his cabinet and appoints a vice president. Protesters in Tahrir Square defy the curfew, and prison breaks and looting are reported throughout the weekend.
Jan. 28, 2011
Clashes with police intensify, and deaths are reported. Overnight, the police are withdrawn and replaced with the military. The government institutes a curfew and blocks Internet access
Jan. 25, 2011
Inspired by the fall of Tunisia's longtime dictator, thousands flock to the streets in Cairo and other major Egyptian cities to denounce President Hosni Mubarak's rule.
March 1, 2011
Iranian security forces clash with demonstrators and shoot tear gas to break up a rally in support of two opposition leaders who have been targeted in a new crackdown on anti-government protests, an opposition Web site reports. Witnesses say large crowds marched along the main Enghelab (Revolution) Street, where large numbers of professional and voluntary security forces were stationed.
Feb. 20, 2011
Iranian security forces disperse anti-government protesters who tried to gather Sunday in Tehran's main squares to commemorate the deaths of two men killed during a protest Monday, witnesses report.
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