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1. Join the sentences in two ways, with or without which/that.
a) A lot of rubbish is floating in the sea. It is a real danger to health.
b) The problem of soil erosion is discussed in this chapter. It has occurred ever
since the man began destroy forests.
c) Nuclear energy comes from the energy stored within the nuclei of atoms.
They are the basic building blocks of all matter.
d) The best things in life such as water and air are free. We often take it for
granted.
e) The manufacture of one PC requires 28kg of liquid chemicals. All liquid
chemicals have to be neutralized by a further 11 kg of sodium hydroxide.
f) An average PC consumes 100 watts of electricity when switched on but not
in use. 100 watts of electricity is equivalent to a bright light bulb.
g) New machines use no more than 30 watts. They are given the Energy Star
Logo.
h) In 1993 the USA introduced the Energy Star Logo. The ESL eliminated the
need to build 10 extra power stations.
i) In the USA computers use 5 % of commercial power. By 2010 the use of
commercial power by computers could rise to 15 %, or 100 billion kilowatt-hours per year.
j) Some factories had developed manufacturing processes. This processes
considerably cut the amount of wastes produced.
2. Join the sentences with to, in order (not) to, so that or for.
a) European countries formed a work group. The purpose of the work group is to work out the measures that will limit computer dumping.
b) Old computers can be used in schools and colleges. They must be dismantled and adapted.
c) Manufacturers are encouraged to make a lot of changes to their products. New products need to be more easily recycled.
d) Hewlett-Packard takes back old computers, faxes, printers, etc. It disassembles the office equipment, reconditions its components.
e) Hewlett-Packard disassembles old computing equipment, reconditions its subassemblies. They are used as spare parts for customer’s existing equipment.
f) Manufacturers spend a lot of time and money for various retraining programmes. They need to retrain designers, engineers and assembly workers to perform environmentally friendly computer design and manufacturing.
3. Explain the difference between these pairs:
litter - waste
break down - dismantle
refurbish - repair
recycle - process
effect - affect
chemical element - chemical compound
4. Do the crossword to write the word in bold.
1. the reduction of the layer of natural gases that protects the earth from
dangerous ultraviolet radiation
2. the reduction of the territory that a plant or animal lives and grows best in
3. a process when different kinds of animals and plants disappear
4. floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, etc.
5. a result of atmospheric contamination when industrial gases and
chemicals mix with water in the air
6. harmful chemicals and gases from factories, machines, traffic fumes that
enter the air to make it dirty
7. a general increase in the temperature of the world caused by harmful chemicals and gases from cars and factories
8. harmful chemicals, waste materials from factories, houses etc that enter the land and damage the things that live or grow there
9. gases from factories, machines, traffic fumes etc that form a layer around the earth and keep the heat it
10. devices and/or their components that are no longer useful
11. a process when too many trees are cut down in an area, so that the environment is badly damaged
5. Read these sayings. Comment on the one you like most.
Ø “The nation that destroys its soil destroys itself.” Franklin D. Roosevelt
Ø “Modern technology owes ecology an apology.” Alan M. Eddison
Ø “We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.” Thomas Fuller, Gnomologia, 1732
Ø “We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children.” Native American Proverb
| Each one teach one |
Write down a short vocabulary list (10 items) on the topic “Environment”.
Compare your lists. Cross out the items you have on both lists and explain the
meaning of the rest of the words and phrases.
| Writing |
Look at the pictures and with a partner discuss the environmental problems they illustrate. Write a paragraph of about 150 words to describe the picture you have chosen.
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“Given so much time, the “impossible” becomes possible, the possible probable and the probable virtually certain. One has only to wait: time itself performs miracles.”
George Wald
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