Palazzo Strozzi

RENAISSANCE

Vocabulary

1. employ v — 1. употреблять, использовать, применять; employment n — 1. применение, использование

2. bay n – пролет между колоннами

3. entablature n – выпуклость колонны

4. cling (to) v – оставаться верным

5. mullion n – средник окна

6. painted glass window, stained glass window — витраж

7. Palace of Facets — Грановитая палата

8. pediment n - фронтон

9. pitch 1) n — уклон, скат; 2) иметь наклон

10. pitched a — (резко) наклонный, имеющий крутой уклон

11. Renaissance n — эпоха Возрождения, Ренессанс

12. revival n — возрождение; оживление

13. rough а — неровный, шершавый, грубый, неотёсанный

14. spread v (spread) — 1. простираться 2. распространять(ся)

15. vault n – свод

16. wrought iron – кованное железо

Text A

RENAISSANCE STYLE

The word Renaissance (French for "rebirth") was first used to define the historical age in Italy, and in Europe in general, that followed the Middle Ages, spanning roughly the 14^th through the 16^th century. The principal features were the revival of learning based on classical sources.

The Renaissance of Classic architecture, which started in Italy early in the fifteenth century, spread westwards throughout all countries. It differed in different countries due to the following factors: geological, climatic, social and historical.

Italy, which was still rich in her ancient Roman monuments, was naturally the pioneer in the Renaissance movement, especially as the Gothic style had never taken firm root in a country which had always clung to her old traditions. The two old systems produced a style which, though it might be Gothic in construction, was outwardly Classic in character. The important characteristic of this new style was the employment of the Classic Roman Orders of architecture, which were now reintroduced after nearly 1,000 years. The five orders were used both constructively and decoratively. Columns and entablatures appear in new combinations for use in buildings designed to meet the requirements of the day. This style has formed the basis of most modern architecture. The general characteristics vary in each country.

Plans were arranged with special regard for symmetry. The bays are covered with barrel or cross vaults and with a central dome. Painted glass windows were used widely. Towers are rarely used, when they occur they are symmetrically placed, usually in pairs. The dome is a predominant feature externally. Pediments are of low pitch, due to the classic influence, or semicircular, sometimes filled with sculpture.

Some of the most famous examples of the style are in France: the Palais du Louvre, Paris (1546-1878), Palazzo Pitti, Florence (1489), the Palace of Facets, Moscow (1487-91).

PALAZZO STROZZI

Palazzo Strozzi is a palace in Florence, Italy. According to Giorgio Vasari it was begun in 1489 by Bene­detto da Maiano for Filippo Strozzi the Elder, an unfortunate rival of the Medici who had come back to the city (he had been banned by the Medici as a young man, together with all his family, due to the opposition of his relative Palla Strozzi against Cosimo de' Medici) and desired the most magnificent palace to reassure his family prominence. A great number of other buildings were acquired and demolished to provide enough space for the new construction. Giuliano da, known to have provided a wooden model. Filippo Stro­zzi died in 1491, long before the construction's completion in 1538. Duke Cosimo I de' Medici confiscated it in the same year, returning it to the Strozzi thirty years later.

Palazzo Strozzi is a splendid example of civil architecture with its rusticated stone, inspired by the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, but with more harmonious proportions. Unlike the Medici Palace, which was sited on a corner lot, this building, surrounded on all four sides by streets, is a free-standing structure.

The palazzo has mullioned windows and a magnificent cornice, typical of the Florentine palaces of the time. It was left incomplete by Cronaca, who continued the construction of the palace until 1504. Also by Cronaca is the courtyard. The famous wrought-iron lanterns decorate the corners of the palace exterior.

Today the palace is used for international expositions like the annual Antique Show, the Italian High Fashion shows and other cultural and artistic events.

Notes:

1. Giorgio Vasari (1511—1574) was an Italian painter and architect, known for his famous biographies of Italian artists — Джорджо Ваза ри.

2. Benedetto da Maiano (1442—1497) was an early Italian Renaissance sculptor — Бенедетто да Майано.

3. Filippo Strozzi the Elder (1428—1491) was an Italian banker and statesman, a member of the rich Stro­zzi family of Florence — Филиппо Строцци Старший.

4. Cosimo I de' Medici (1519-1574) was the first Grand Duke of Tuscany.

5. Giuliano da Sangallo (c. 1443—1516) was an Italian sculptor, architect, and military engineer.

6. Simone del Pollaiuolo Cronaca (1457—1508) was a Florentine architect — Симоне Поллайоло Кронака

Text B

Italian Renaissance

The Renaissance of the 15^th century in Italy had its birth in Florence, where a type of palace – building was developed, to which huge blocks of rusticated masonry give an unusual massive and rugged appearance. The typical palace was built round an internal court, similar to a Roman atrium or a medieval cloister, surrounded by an arcade supporting the walls of the upper storeys. There is a general absence of pilasters as decorative features in the facades, which are therefore called “astylar”.

Some of the most famous examples are Palazzo Riccardi, Florence (1430), Palazzo Strozzi, Florence (1489), the Doge’s Palace, Venice.

English Renaissance

From Italy, where it had its origin about 1400, the Renaissance movement travelled to the sister Latin country of France; to Germany, which welcomed the movement to the Netherland, and to Spain. Not until a century after its birth in Florence did it make its first appearance in England in the famous Tomb of Henry VII (1512-18) and afterwards it was used in magnificent country mansions and town houses of the substantial professional and trading families which were rapidly forming England’s new nobility.

Elizabethan architecture is a transition style with Gothic features and Renaissance details.

Jacobean architecture inherited Elizabethan traditions, but regularity of classic columns and entablature replaced the picturesque irregularity of Elizabethan architecture.

Stuart architecture and Georgian architecture – their characters were chiefly dominated by individual architects, e.g. Christopher Wren.

1. astylar – без колонн и пилястр.

Упражнение1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты (Complex Subject and Complex Object).

1. He is known to design a house.

2. I know him to have designed this house.

3. Palazzo Strozzi is believed to have been designed by Benedetto da Maiano.

4. The plans appeared to have been arranged with special regard for symmetry.

5. Filippo Strozzi the Elder is likely to have desired the most magnificent palace to reassure his family prominence.

6. They expect the new architectural movement to spread all over Europe.

7. He is considered to have added the new details to Stuart architecture.

8. We believe domes to have been predominant feature externally.

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