Outside of place-names borrowings from Celtic were very few no more than a dozen.

● binn “crib” (ясли, кормушка),

cradol “cradle” (колыбель);

bratt “cloak”

dun “dark-coloured”

cross

dun “hill”

dry “magician”

cursian “curse”

loch “lake”

coomb “valley”

The Roman civilization influenced the OE γoc. in many spheres. Latin words (≈ 500) entered the OE language at different stages.

The 1^st layer of Latin borrowings comprises words which WG tribes brought from the continent.

The 2^nd layer comprises words adopted after the Roman invasion.

The 3^rd layer of Latin influence began with the introduction of Christianity in 6^th century and lasted to the end of OE.

The 1^st and 2^nd Latin borrowings layers indicated the new things and concepts; they pertain to war, trade, agriculture, building & home life.

● OE ceapian “to trade” < caupo (L) “mechant”

L:

pondo uncia vinum butyrum piper cāseus

OE:

pund ynce win butere pipor ciese

“pound” “inch” “wine” “butter” “pepper” “cheese”

The 3^rd layer consisted of words

(1) pertaining to religion 400

(2) connected with learning words

● L (from Greek) OE apostolus episcopus candela clericus

OE apostol biscop candel clerec

NE apostle bishop candle clerk

There also appeared so called “trabslation loans, i.e. the words & phraser created on the pattern of L. words.

● L.: Lunae dies OE Monan – dæƺ “Monday”

Martis dies Tiw es – dæƺ “Tuesday”

A Teutonic God (Roman Mars)

The name of a Roman God was substituted by the name of a Germanic God.

Loan words aqired English grammatical forms & were inflected like respective parts of speech.

OE voc.

native words borrowings

IE Common Specifically Cetic Latin

Germanic English

1^st layer (Teutonic tribes)

2^nd (Roman invasion) 3^rd (Introd. of Christianity)

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14