Themes for home preparation

Carbon. A structure of atom. Oxidation degrees. Allotropy. A structure and properties of diamond, graphite, carbine, fullerene. An absorbite, its properties. Chemical properties of carbon. Carbides of metals. Obtaining, classification, properties. Carbon (ІІ) oxide, structure of molecule, obtaining, chemical character, reducing properties. Generator and water gases. Carbonyls of metals, chemical bond, obtaining, properties. Carbon (ІV) oxide. A structure of molecule, obtaining, properties. Metacarbonic acid and its salts. A structure of ion CO . Obtaining of carbonates and hydrocarbonates, their application.

Carbon bisulphide, thiocarbonic acid and its salts, obtaining, properties.

Compounds of carbon with halogens. Freons, tetrachlorocarbon, phosgene. Compounds with nitrogen. Dicyan, obtaining, structure of a molecule, properties. Hydrocyanic, cyanic, rhodanide acid and their salts, obtaining, structure of molecules and properties.

Silicon. A structure of atom. Oxidation degrees. Obtaining of silicon, its properties. Silicides, their types, properties. Silanes, obtaining and properties. Comparison of properties of silanes and of hydrocarbons. Siliconorganic compounds, silicones.

Silicon (IV) oxide, silicate acids, their structure, properties. Silicagel. Physical and synthetic silicates. Glass, ceramics, their properties. Sitales. Silicate astringent substances.

Halogenides of silicon, obtaining and properties. Hexafluorosilicate acid. Silicon carbide.

Questions and tasks

1. What allotropes of carbon are known? What is the difference in physicochemical properties of these substances caused by? What allotrope is the most stable at standard conditions?

2. Write down the formula of electronic structure of carbon atom in nonexcited and excited states. What types of hybridisation are characteristic for carbon?

3. How is СО₂ received in laboratory and in industry? Give the equations of the relevant reactions.

4. How many cubic meters of СО₂ (at normal conditions) is possible to obtain at thermal decomposition f 12 tonnes of lime, which contains 5 % of impurities, if a degree of its decomposition is 96 %?

5. Write the equations of the chemical reactions, which proceed when obtaining soda by ammoniac method.

6. Write the equations of the reactions of interaction of carbon (IV) oxide with insufficient and with excess amount of alkali in solution.

7. What equilibrium processes proceed in water solution of СО₂? How can these equilibrium be shifted?

8. How is CO received in laboratory and in industry? Give the equations of the relevant reactions. Where is carbon (ІІ) oxide used?

9. Explain a structure of CO molecule from the point of view of valence bonds method and from the point of view of molecular orbitals method.

10. Why is negative charge in CO molecule is concentrated on carbon atom, though oxygen has greater value of electronegativity?

11. How are hydrocyanic acid and its salts received? Give examples of the reactions of complex forming in which cyanides take part.

12. Calculate рH of 0,1 M hydrocyanic acid solution.

13. How many kilograms of silicon and what volume of 32% NaOH solution (r= 1,35 g/cm³) is necessary to obtain 15 m³ of hydrogen at temperature of 17° and at pressure of 98,64 kPa?

14. Methods of obtaining and properties of silanes. Give the equations of the relevant reactions. Compare properties of silanes and hydrocarbons.

15. How are silicate acids received? Give the equations of the relevant reactions. What structure do they have? Compare a structure and properties of coal and silicate acids.

16. What chemical processes proceed at manufacturing of glass, cement? What formula can express the composition of glass? What are the grades of a glass received in an industry?

17. Why does glass dissolve in hydrofluoric acid? What reaction proceeds?

18. How are carbon and silicon chlorides received? How do they react with water? What class of compounds do they belong to?

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14