Contrast encoding and decoding.

encoding Converting a message to symbolic form.

decoding Interpreting a sender’s message.

Our position in the social-cultural system affects our ability to successfully engage in communication. Messages sent and received by people of equal rank are sometimes interpreted differently than messages sent and received by people in very different positions. The importance of encoding and decoding lead to right communication feedback.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of email? Of instant messaging?

Advantages:

· Quick answer from receiver

· Feeling expresses rapidly

· Typing of short message

Disadvantages:

· Instant messaging uses for non working issues among employees.

· Long messages explanation with attached files

4. What is nonverbal communication? Does it aid or hinder verbal communication?

nonverbal communication Messages conveyed through body movements, facial expressions, and the physical distance between the

sender and the receiver.

The academic study of body motions has been labelled kinesics. It refers to gestures,

facial configurations, and other movements of the body. Because it is a relatively

new field, there is not complete agreement on findings. Still, body movement is an

important segment of the study of communication. Body language adds to and

often complicates verbal communication.

· facial expression

· eye contact

· intonations

5. What does the phrase “sometimes the real message in a communication is buried in the silence” mean?

Silence can, in fact, be a powerful form of communication. It can mean someone is thinking or contemplating a response to a question. It can mean a person is anxious and fearful of speaking. It can signal agreement, frustration, or anger.

Silence is a critical element of groupthink because it implies agreement with the majority. It can be a way for employees to express dissatisfaction, as when they “suffer in silence.” It can be a sign that someone is upset, as when a typically talkative person suddenly says nothing”.

Astute (проницательный) communicators watch for gaps, pauses, and hesitations. They hear and interpret silence. They treat pauses, for instance, as analogous to a flashing yellow light at an intersection—they pay attention to what comes next. Managers should pay attention on silence.

6. What are the managerial implications from the research contrasting male and female communication styles?

According to Tannen, women speak and hear a language of connection and intimacy, while men speak and hear a language of status and independence. So, for many men, conversations are primarily a way to preserve independence and maintain status in a hierarchical social order. For many women, conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14