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FINANCE
1. WHAT IS FINANCE?
Ex. 1. Learn the pronunciation of the words:
finance [ ] financial [ ]
to purchase [ ] equipment [ ]
to acquire [ ] essential [ ]
development [ ] advertising [ ]
insurance [ ] technique [ ]
individual [ ] company [ ]
sufficient [ ] debt [ ]
Ex. 2. Read and translate the text:
What is Finance?
One of the primary considerations when going into business is money. Without sufficient funds a company cannot begin operations. The money needed to start and continue operating a business is known as capital. A new business needs capital not only for ongoing expenses but also for purchasing necessary assets. These assets – inventories, equipment, buildings, and property – represent an investment of capital in the new business. How this new company obtains and uses money will, in large measure, determine its success.
Finance is the function in a business that is responsible for acquiring funds for the firm and managing funds within the firm (for example, preparing budgets, doing cash flow analyses, and planning for the expenditure of funds on such assets as plant, equipment, and machinery). Without a carefully calculated financial plan, the firm has little chance for survival regardless of its product or marketing effectiveness. The fundamental charge of a finance person is to obtain money and then plan, use, and control money effectively.
To start up or begin business, a company needs funds to purchase essential assets, support research and development, and buy materials for production. Capital is also needed for salaries, credit extension to customers, advertising, insurance, and many other day-to-day operations. In addition, financing is essential for growth and expansion of a company. Because of competition in the market, capital needs to be invested in developing new product lines and production techniques and in acquiring assets for future expansion. The financial manager has to take these decisions with reference to the objectives of the firm. Credit and collection are also finance functions (for example the idea of buying merchandise on credit and collecting payment from buyers of the firm's merchandise). The finance manager must also be sure that the company doesn't lose too much money to bad debt losses (people or firms that don't pay). This means that finance is responsible for collecting overdue payments.
Taxes represent an outflow of cash from the business and must be paid. Therefore, they too fall under the scrutiny of finance. As tax laws and tax liabilities have changed, finance people have taken on the increasingly important responsibility of tax management. Tax management is the analyzing of tax implications of various managerial decisions in an attempt to minimize the taxes paid by the business. Businesses of all sizes must concern themselves with tax responsibilities.
Finance involves the securing of funds for all phases of business operations. In obtaining and using this capital, the decisions made by managers affect the overall financial success of a company.
Ex. 3. Give English equivalents to the following:
достаточное количество денежных средств; текущие расходы; покупка необходимых активов; приобретенный капитал; повседневная деятельность; покупка товара в кредит; безнадежный долг; просроченные платежи; сохранность денежных средств; влиять на финансовый успех компании в целом.
Ex. 4. Give Russian equivalents to the following:
one of the primary considerations; ongoing expenses; an investment of capital in the new business; the expenditure of funds on necessary assets; carefully calculated financial plan; credit extension to customers, to acquire assets for future expansion; an outflow of cash from the business; a fundamental charge; under the scrutiny of finance; to be responsible for collecting overdue payments
Ex 5. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations given below: taxes, funds, financial planning, capital, financial managers, assets, finance, finances
1. The money needed for purchasing necessary assets, for salaries,
advertising and many other day-today operations is known as _____.
2. The function in business that is responsible for acquiring funds for
the firm and managing funds within the firm is called _____.
3. Credit and collections are important responsibilities of _____.
4. How well a company manages its _____ affects the overall success of
the business venture.
5. A company needs sufficient _____ to be invested in developing new
product lines and in acquiring _____ for future expansion.
6. The overall objective of _____ is to optimize profits and make the
best use of money.
7. Businesses of all sizes must pay _____ to the government.
Ex. 6. Match the words in the left-hand column with the correct synonyms or definitions in the right-hand column:
| 1. salary 2. investment 3. asset 4. expense 5. capital 6. essential 7. purchase 8. debt 9. funds 10. merchandise | a) anything that can be assigned a monetary value, such as securities, buildings, machinery, furniture, and can be held by an institution or individual b) necessary c) cash or other forms of money d) the money needed to start up and continue operating a business. e) an expenditure to acquire income-producing property f) payment g) the money paid for a month's (professional) work h) commodities i) acquire j) borrowed money that has to be paid back |
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