Two approaches to translation

The notion of translation

Translation as a term and notion is of polysemantic (having multiple meanings) nature.

Its common and most general meaning:

TRANSLATION is the action or process of rendering/expressing the meaning/content of a source language word, word-group, sentence or passage (larger text) in the target language or with the result of the process/action of rendering.

- a source language - the language a source is translated from in translation;

- a target language - the language a source is translated into.

«Translation» also refers to the Romanization or latinization which is the conversion of writing from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so.

Methods of romanization include:

1) transliteration (for representing written text)

2) transcription (for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both).

The term «interpretation» is synonymous to «translation» and is used to denote the way or manner of representing the idea of the work in translation orally (as well as its aesthetic, religious, political, pragmatic background and other qualitative characteristics of the work under translation). These may be artistic, genre and stylistic peculiarities rendered by the translator in his particular way, which is somewhat different from that of the author's.

«Interpretation», unlike «translation», admits some more freedom for the translator in his treatment (at least in certain places or cases) of the matter under translation.

The activity of translation has a long-standing tradition, has been widely practiced throughout history and the profession of a translator/interpreter is one of the oldest.

English and Ukrainian are two different languages. English is analytical, when Ukrainian is synthetic. Thus, there are differences at lexical, grammatical levels, which should be taken into consideration by the translators.

Two approaches to translation

There are 2 approaches as to how to translate.

1 – nothing should be changed.

It mostly concerns the translation of religious works. There existed the idea that religious works had been created by the God, so no one has a right to change something in the holy writing. The supporters of the approach thought of Latin as of a holy language.

2 – allowed certain freedom.

The ideas (but not the words) are to be reproduced by means of another language. This approach now developed into what is known as literal/faithful translation (адекватний, вірний переклад) which is used to denote the highest degree of rendering the denotative or connotative meanings of words, the sense of word-groups and sentences, the content, the expressiveness, picturesqueness and the pragmatic subtext of passages or works of the source language with the help of the available means of the target language).

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