Investigation of Air Parameters in the Working Area #2

First, it is necessary to explain why this problem is so important. As all of you know the normal temperature of the human’s body is approximately 36°C.

The meteorological conditions or microclimate at workplaces render huge influence on biological processes in human body and therefore they are important factors, characterising the sanitary-hygienic labour conditions. Microclimate of air environment is a combination of temperature, humidity and speed of airflow and also of temperature of surrounding surfaces. Optimum conditions of the microclimate – such a combination of the parameters, which during a long and systematic influence on the human body provides its normal functional and heat status without stress of its reaction of thermal regulation. They provide the feelings of heat comfort and arrange the conditions for high level of fitness to work.

Permissible meteorological conditions or microclimate are provided at permanent workplaces (at which the worker exists more than 50% of working time or 2 hours without interruption) in apartments with area more than 100 m² for one worker. These conditions during the long and systematic influence on the human body may cause its quickly normalising functional and heat status and stress of its reaction of thermal regulation, that are not run out the levels of physiological possibilities for adaptation. The damages and disturbances of the health are not appeared, but feelings of heat discomfort, worsening of personal feelings and decreasing of fitness to work may be observed.

A lack of correspondence with permissible values for one parameter of the microclimate (only temperature in apartment) – may cause unfortunate impact on human health.

The environment outside the human’s body is able to accept the heat, which is worked out by the human. The heat transfers into environment due to the next processes:

– temperature conductivity through the cloth;

– convection while air contacts with open skin spaces;

– vaporising of water from the skin;

– heating of air on respiration.

The balance between the heat energy the body works out and the heat what’s transferred to the environment maintains normal temperature and functional state of human. That balance keeps on working with various difficulty even at some deviation of meteorological condition (temperature, air humidity, air circulation) of the environment from normal maintaining body temperature stable. However, we should consider that the meteorological conditions could change.

This ability to keep temperature unchanged at meteorological conditions changing and during work is called heat regulation.

Taking into account that meteorological conditions directly influence on heat regulation reaction tress, and this way on temperature and functional state of a human the All-Union State standard (ГОСТ 12.1.005-88) "General sanitary-hygienic requirements to air of working area" sets optimal and acceptable norms for such parameters of microclimate as:

– air temperature;

– air humidity;

– air circulation;

– intensity of heat radiation.

Optimal norms ensure normal functioning and temperature state of human organism without heat regulation stress.

Acceptable norms may include some changes of functional and temperature state but heat regulation stress returns to normal fast. When this happen the Health State is not infringed, but there can be some discomfort fillings and workability decreasing observed.

To set meteorological norms the All-Union state standard considers two factors:

– work category

– year period.

The calendar year is divided into two periods:

– warm period – having average daily temperature of outer air +10°C and higher;

– cold period – average daily temperature of outer air under +10°C.

In accordance with All-Union state standard (ГОСТ 12.1.005-88) "General sanitary-hygienic requirements to air of working area" optimum and permissible values of the microclimate are dependent of availability of explicit heat in apartment, category of done work and season of the year, as it is shown in tab. 4.

For normal conditions in servicing apartments the conditioners are used. Conditioner provides cooling of the air, automatically supports necessary temperature, decreases air humidity, makes changes of airflow speed and directivity and provides air exchange with surrounding environment.

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-16