VI Comprehensive Skills.

1. Read and remember:

1. post-war післявоєнний
2. shortage недолік, нестача
3. launch випускати
4. feminine жіночний
5. apply застосувати
6. acquire приймати

2. Listen to the text “Christian Dior and the New Look” and try to understand it:

3. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions:

1. What do you know about Dior?
2. What is he famous for?
3. What is the New Look?
4. What were the features of the New Look?
5. When was the New Look presented?

4. True or false statements:

1. Haute couture had become international in the 1930s and the centre of the fashion world wasn’t Paris anymore.

2. Christian Dior became famous with his first collection in 1947 which presented his New Look.

3. The new creation had long, full skirts using yards of material, a tiny waist and feminine, sloping shoulders.

4. The new fashion was not popular.

5. After Dior’s death, the house of Dior continued under the young Yves St Laurent.

Forms of participles

	active	passive
Participle I Participle II	asking -------- having asked	being asked asked having been asked

The form and functions of Participle I

form	function	examples
infinitive	an attribute (означення)	The director knows about the increasing liabilities of his firm.
	a part of complex object (частина складного додатка)	I saw him looking through the sketches and paintings
	an adverbial modifier (обставина)	Speaking with their models they found out this fact.
	a part of the predicate (частина присудка)	He was consulting a dictionary when we entered the room.

The form and functions of Participle II

	Participle II
forms	functions	examples
Для правильних дієслів: Infinitive без “to” + ed formulate + ed formulated   Для неправильних дієслів: див. табл. неправильних дієслів To take, taken	an attribute an adverbial modifier   a part of the predicate	The developed machinery was on the exhibition in Lviv. A book taken from the library is about History of Arts.     When translated the article will be given to the specialists.   They have discussed the features of a new garment.

“have” + noun + Participle II

have (had)	noun	participle
	object	predicate

I have my shoes mended in that shop. – Я ремонтую туфлі у цій майстерні.

I am going to have my hair cut. – Я збираюсь підстригтися.

He had his luggage registered. – Йому оформили багаж.

Compare:

He mended his shoes – Він полагодив (сам) свої туфлі.

He had his shoes mended – Він полагодив свої туфлі (віддав в ремонт).

She painted the walls of her room – Вона пофарбувала (сама) стіни у кімнаті.

She had the walls of her room painted. – Вона пофарбувала стіни у кімнаті (їй пофарбували).

The Gerund

Група часів		Стан
	Активний	Пасивний	Виражає дію
Indefinite	inviting	being invited	Не пов’язану з означеним часом або одночасну з дією, яку виражає присудок
Perfect	having invited	having been invited	Попередню відносно дії, яку виражає присудок

1) Indefinite Active:

Translating this article was not easy. Перекладати цю статтю було нелегко.

2) Indefinite Passive:

We do not like being laughed at. Ми не любимо, коли з нас сміються.

3) Perfect Active:

I told them about my having written a story. Я розповів їм, що написав оповідання (= про написання мною)

4) Perfect Passive:

They weren’t sure of the job having been finished. Вони не знали, що робота вже завершена.

UNIT 13

Topic: At the Exhibition. Scientific Conference

Grammar: 1. Direct and Indirect Statements

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