II. Read the articles and do the tasks after them.

FAMILY RELATIONS

1. First name = Christian name

2. Patronymic

3. Surname =last name =family name

4. Full name

5. To support = to keep a family

6. To come from a rich family

7. Parents

8. Father = papa =dad =daddy

9. Mother =mummy = mum = mom (Am.)

10. Child

11. The only child

12. Childless

13. Childhood

14. Baby = infant

15. First-born

16. Twins

17. Son = sonny

18. Daughter

19. Brother

20. Sister

21. Favourite = pet

22. To pet

23. To spoil

24. A chip off the old block

25. To nurse

26. To bring up = to raise

27. Nursery

28. Kindergarten

29. To be like = to take after

30. To be alike

31. To resemble

32. Resemblance (to, between)

33. Grandparents

34. Grandfather = grandpa

35. Grandmother = granny

36. Great-grandfather = great-granddaddy

37. Grandson

38. Granddaughter

39. Grandchildren

40. Generation

41. To die (to be dead)

42. Orphan

43. To adopt

44. Adopted child

45. Foster child

46. Stepfather

47. Stepmother

48. Stepson

49. Stepdaughter

50. Widow

51. Widower

52. Heir

53. Heiress

54. Ancestors

55. Descendant

56. Close relative

57. Distant relative

58. Relation

59. Uncle

60. Aunt

61. Nephew

62. Niece

63. Cousin (sister, brother) = first cousin

64. Second cousin

65. Remote kinsmen

66. Marital status

67. To marry smb.

68. To be /to get married to smb.

69. Married

70. Single = unmarried

71. Bridegroom

72. Bride

73. Fiancée

74. Fiancé

75. Husband

76. Wife

77. Father-in-law

78. Mother-in-law

79. Son-in-law

80. Daughter-in-law

81. Brother-in-law

82. Sister-in-law

83. To propose to smb.

84. Proposal

85. To be engaged to smb.

86. Engagement

87. Registry office

88. Wedding

89. Wedding anniversary

90. Silver wedding

91. Golden wedding

92. Newly married couple = newly weds = just married

93. Honeymoon

94. To divorce

95. Divorce

96. Bachelor

97. Spinster

98. At the age of…

99. To be under age

100. To come to age

101. To look one`s age

102. To look young (old) for one`s age

103. To bear one`s age well

104. I`m not yet 19 = I`m under 19

105. I`m on the wrong side of 20

106. I`m on the right side of 30

107. She`s about 40

108. Older

109. Elder

110. To be of military age

111. Teenager

112. Youngster

113. Aged

114. Middle-aged

115. To grow old = to get older

116. Elderly

117. An old man (woman)

118. Grown-up = adult

119. Youth

120. Origin

121. Occupation

122. What are you? = What is your occupation?

123. Trade

124. To retire

125. Housewife

126. Domestic

127. Family man

128. For family reasons

129. Household

130. Maiden name

131. Nickname

132. Playfellow

133. Will

ZODIAC SIGNS

134. Gemini

135. Aries

136. Taurus

137. Cancer

138. Leo

139. Virgo

140. Libra

141. Scorpio

142. Sagittarius

143. Capricorn

144. Aquarius

145. Pisces

I. Translate the vocabulary into Russian or Ukrainian.

II. Read the articles and do the tasks after them.

***

If you`re asked: `What`s your name?` in English, the questioner may only want to know your first name. If that person is an immigration officer at an airport, he or she probably wants to know your first name and your family name. But in the English-speaking world, the expression family name isn`t used very much. In that case, what do we call it? The formal world for family name is surname, and that`s what you will find on official documents, immigration forms etc. In the UK, your family name is usually referred to as your second name. In the US, however, it`s called your last name.

Many English-speaking people have two first names, and the second of these is called your middle name. So, an English person has a first name, a middle name and a second name! An American has a first name, a middle name and a last name. All the names together are your full name. In the UK, if you are given the same name as, for example, your father or mother, they say you are named after them. In the US, they say you are named for them.

When British or American women marry, they usually change their name and take husband`s surname. The woman`s original name is called her maiden name. However, some women want to keep their maiden name, so newly-married couples sometimes combine their names. For example, when Michael Wilson married Hazel Baptiste, they changed their name to Baptiste-Wilson, which is a double-barrelled name. The only other thing which is referred to as double-barrelled is a shotgun!

In the top 100 most common surnames of 2001, there are four colours: Brown (4), White (16), Green (19) and Gray (78). There are also six names that indicate the UK`s ethnic diversity: Patel (24), Khan (64), Singh (70), Begum (71), Ali (80) and Hussain (82). There are also five occupations, some of which sound old-fashioned: Smith (1), Turner (27), Cooper (29), Baker (37) and Miller (61). A smith is someone who works with iron or other metals. A blacksmith, for example, is someone who makes shoes for horses (horseshoes). A turner is someone who works on a lathe, which is a machine which holds and turns pieces of metal or wood while they are being shaped. A cooper is someone who makes barrels, and bakers and millers have something to do with making bread. Do you know what they do?

***

There is an African proverb which says: `A good name is better than wealth`. Naming a child is a very serious matter in African societies. Children are taught that their names affect everything about their character and prospects in life. Africans take great care when selecting names for their children. African names can indicate many different things – where an individual`s family lived, the day of the birth, or the family ancestry.

Yoruba people believe that a baby which is not named within seven days of its birth will not live longer than its parent of the same gender. So the timing as well as the choice of name is important. Grandmothers consider it their right to name the child, which can present problems if the family lives abroad but the grandmothers still live in Nigeria. They often write their choices in a letter, which arrives too late and the names they suggest are not used. But when the baby visits Nigeria for the first time, the grandmothers use the names that they chose. Often the child is called a different name by each grandmother!

The naming ceremony is supervised by a church minister and usually takes place at home. A series of ritual objects and food are placed on a table. During the ceremony, the minister carries the baby round the table and encourages it to taste or touch all the objects and food. As he does so, the minister explains the symbolic meaning of each thing. Each item is then tasted or touched by everyone in the room. The baby`s names are then announced. There are usually two names, which both mean something important to the family. The second one is usually some kind of slogan or proverb. A typical name would be Orobola Adeleke. Orobola means wealth and Adeleke means We are already higher than our enemies. In Nigeria, the ceremony usually takes place out of doors and the baby`s bare foot is placed on the ground. In this way, the minister guides the baby`s first steps in the right direction.

Xhosa people are influenced by the traditions of the English and Afrikaans-speaking people around them, so some of their traditions are similar to those of neighbouring other countries, but others are unique to their culture. Some children are named after family members, such as a parent, grandparent or other relative; some are named after someone special and some names are inspired by famous people. Interestingly, a large number of children are named after singers, film stars (living and dead), historical personalities, and fictional heroes and heroines from television programmes.

Names often have meanings which relate to the circumstances of the birth. One child was called Phetuxolo, which means brining peace. The mother explained: `Before he was born, there were quarrels between my husband and my family, but when he was born, peace was restored`. Sometimes the name indicates the hopes and wishes for the child. The name Nomonde means dedication and patience. The parent explained: `I want my daughter to be dedicated and patient in everything she does`.

1. Give suitable titles to the articles.

2. Write a short explanation of the different way British and American people talk about names.

3. Are the following statements true or false?

a) In the UK and in the US your name is referred to in similar way.

b) The most common name in the UK is an occupation which involves working with wood.

c) Many surnames in the top hundred indicate that Britain is a multi-ethnic society.

4. What does a Yoruba child`s name usually represent?

5. Apart from the other members of the family, what inspires the names of Xhosa`s children?

6. Write a short essay about naming a child in Ukraine.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16