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Every year ( week, month, day )

To denote completed actions with the meaning of the present perfect (with the verbs to forget, to hear, to be told). | For a frequently repeated action, usually when the frequency annoys the speaker or | I. The formation of the Past Indefinite. | To express permanent actions which indicate continuous, uninterrupted processes in the past, giving a general characteristic of the person or thing denoted by the subject. | A) The use of the Past Indefinite becomes obligatory with stative verbs. | The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past. | It can also express some permanent future actions generally characterizing the person denoted by the subject of the sentence. | Affirmative Interrogative Negative | I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense | The continuous or simple form can be used for actions repeated over a long period. |


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О.М. Набока

Н.О. Коваль

 

ENGLISH TENSES

THEORY

 

«Астропринт»

Одеса

 

Автори-укладачі: О.М. Набока, доцент кафедри іноземних мов гуманітарних

факультетів ОНУ;

Н.О. Коваль, викладач кафедри іноземних мов гуманітарних факультетів ОНУ;

 

 

 

Друкується за рішенням Вченої ради Інституту соціальних наук Одеського національного університету ім. І. І. Мечникова

Протокол № ____ від _________ 2006 р.

 

CONTENTS

 

 

 

The Present Indefinite Tense……………………………………………………………….4

The Present Continuous Tense……………………………………………………………..8

The Present Perfect Tense……………………………………………………………….. 30

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense…………………………………………………….33

The Past Indefinite Tense…………………………………………………………………15

The Past Continuous Tense……………………………………………………………….20

The Past Perfect Tense……………………………………………………………………36

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense………………………………………………………39

The Future Indefinite Tense……………………………………………………………….26

The Future Continuous Tense…………………………………………………………….29

The Future Perfect Tense …………………………………………………………………41

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense …………………………………………………….43

The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45

 

 

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE

 

I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.

1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.

The third person singular adds –s; -es to the Infinitive.

 

2. The interrogative and the negative forms are formed by means of the Present

Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to do and the infinitive of the notional verb

without the particle to.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

I work Do I work? I do not work

He works Does he work? He does not work

She works Does she work? She does not work

We work Do we work? We do not work

You work Do you work? You do not work

They work Do they work? They do not work

3. The contracted negative forms are:

 

I don’t work

He doesn’t work

They don’t work

 

4. The negative-interrogative forms are:

 

Do you not work?

Don’t you work?

Does he not work?

Doesn’t he work?

 

II. SPELLING NOTES

Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -о add es, instead of s alone, to form the third person singular:

 

I kiss, he kisses I box, he boxes

I rush, he rushes I do, he does

I watch, he watches I go, he goes

When -у follows a consonant we change the у into i and add -es:

I carry, he carries

I copy, he copies

I try, he tries

but verbs ending in у following a vowel obey the usual rule:

I obey, he obeys

I say, he says

III. The Present Indefinite is used in the following cases:

To denote habitual actions, to state facts in the present.

I live in St.-Petersburg.

Most dogs bark.

 

To state general rules or laws of nature, that is to show that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future.

Snow melts at 0 C.

Two plus two makes four.

 

To denote recurrent actions or everyday activity. This use is often associated with such adverbial modifiers of frequency as often

Seldom

Sometimes

Occasionally

Always

Never

Ever

every year (week, month, day)

Usually

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