Happinessis the category of ethics that expresses a state of mind or feeling characterized by love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy.

Hedonism is a moral approach which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize this net pleasure (pleasure minus pain).

Ideal is a principle or value that one actively pursues as a goal. Ideals are particularly important in ethics, as the order in which one places them tends to determine the degree to which one reveals them as real and sincere. It is the application, in ethics, of a universal. It is roughly similar to the relative intrinsic values.

Imperative morality is based on one or another commandment, requirement or prohibition to do something.

Individual moral consciousness is represented by the moral inner world of person, his values and priorities. The centre of individual moral consciousness is self-awareness.

Justice is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion.

Maxim is a ground rule or subjective principle of action. In that sense a maxim is a thought that can motivate individuals.

Meta-ethical relativism is the meta-ethical position that the truth or falsity of moral judgments, or their justification, is not objective or universal but instead relative to the traditions, convictions, or practices of a group of people.

Moral code is a system of morality.

Moral consciousness is the spiritual aspect of morality directing towards reflection of moral problems. The axis of moral consciousness is the idea of the good. The main characteristics of moral consciousness are the abilities to produce imperatives and evaluations.

Moral motivation is the driving force of our conduct which causes us to achieve goals. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic.

Moral principle represents a set of values that orientate and rule the conduct of a concrete society.

Moral relativism may be any of several descriptive, meta-ethical, or normative positions regarding the differences in moral or ethical judgments between different people and cultures.

moral rigorism represents moral attitude that demands the strict submission to moral principles and avoids any compromises.

Morality is the set of personal or cultural values, codes of conduct or social mores that distinguish between right and wrong in the human society

Morals is a capacity to apply values, norms and standards into behavior and conduct.

Nihilism is the belief that nothing has any inherent importance and that life lacks purpose.

Normative morality refers directly to what is right and wrong, regardless of what specific individuals think.

Normative relativism is the prescriptive or normative position that we ought to tolerate the behavior of others even when it runs counter to our personal or cultural moral standards.

Norms are sentences or concepts with practical, i. e. action-oriented import. Some common sentences that are norms include commands, permissions, and prohibitions. Some common concepts that are norms include 'sincerity', 'justification' or 'honesty'. Another popular account of norms describes them as reasons to act, believe or feel. Orders and permissions express norms. Such norms sentences do not describe how the world is, they rather prescribe how the world should be.

Optative morality focuses on finding and implementing good, perfectionand happine ss.

Sanctity or Holiness is in general the state of being holy (perceived by religious individuals as associated with the divine) or sacred (considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspiring awe or reverence among believers in a given set of spiritual ideas). It is often ascribed to people ("a holy man" of religious occupation, "holy prophet" who is venerated by his followers), objects ("sacred artifact" that is venerated and blessed), times ("holy days" of spiritual introspection, such as during winter holidays), or places ("sacred ground", "holy place").

Self-awareness is the awareness that one exists as an individual being.

Utilitarianism insisted on the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its usefulness in maximizing utility and minimizing negative utility. Utility can be defined as pleasure, preference satisfaction, knowledge or other things.

Virtue is moral excellence. A virtue is a trait or quality deemed to be morally excellent and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting individual and collective well being. There are four cardinal virtues (courage, wisdom, judgment, temperance) and three theological virtues (faith, hope and love).

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16