I. Learn new words and word-combinations.

The Legislative Branch of the USA.

I. Learn new words and word-combinations.

to establish – встановлювати

to be made up of - складатися

to levy taxes - накладати податки

treaties [׳tri:tiz] –угоди

to put into effect – ратифікувати

to approve – схвалювати

to be divided – поділятися

to comprise [kәm′praiz] – складатися

to represent – представляти

to determine – визначати

heavily ['hevili] populated – густонаселений

regardless of - незалежно від

to assure [ə'∫uə] – гарантувати

equal ['i:kwəl] – рівний

to stagger ['stægə] – регулювати

chamber – палата

procedure [prə'si:ʤə] -процедура

to occur [ə'kə:] – траплятися

to amend - вносити поправку

to persuade [pə'sweid] – переконувати

signature ['signit∫ə] – підпис

to sign [sain] - підписувати

Read the text and make sure you know all the words and word – combinations.

The Constitution, written in 1787, established (встановлювати) a government of three branches (гілки): legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative branch is made up of (складатися) elected representatives from all of the states and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes (накладати податки), declare war or put foreign treaties [׳tri:tiz] (угоди) into effect (ратифікувати), remove a Supreme Court judge, remove the President, approve (схвалювати) or disapprove of people that the President appoints or gives jobs to. Itconsists of a Congress that is divided into two groups, called houses:

• The House of Representatives comprises [kәm′praiz] (складатися) lawmakers who serve two-year terms. Each House member represents (представляти) a district in his or her home state. The number of districts in a state is determined (визначатися) by a count of the population taken every 10 years. The most heavily ['hevili] populated (густонаселений) have more districts and, therefore, more representatives than the smaller states, some of which have only one. In the 1980s, there were 435 representatives in the United States House of Representatives.

• The Senate comprises lawmakers who serve six-year terms. Each state, regardless of (незалежно від) population, has two senators. That assures [ə'∫uə] (гарантувати) that the small states have an equal ['i:kwəl] (рівний) voice in one of the houses of Congress. The terms of the senators are staggered ['stægə] (регулювати), so that only one-third of the Senate is elected every two years. That assures that there are some experienced senators in Congress after each election.

The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. A law begins as a proposal called a "bill." It is read, studied in committees, commented on and amended (вносити поправку) in the Senate or House chamber (палата) in which it was introduced. It is then voted upon. If it passes, it is sent to the other house where a similar (подібний) procedure [prə'si:ʤə] occurs [ə'kə:] (траплятися). Members of both houses work together in "conference committees" if the chambers have passed different versions of the same bill. Groups who try to persuade [pə'sweid] (переконувати) congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as "lobbies". When both houses of Congress pass a bill on which they agree, it is sent to the president for his signature ['signit∫ə] (підпис). Only after it is signed [sain] (підписувати), the bill becomes a law.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16