> = F 5 @ B K " > A: 0 = 8 = 8 (? 5 @ 5 4 0 2 0 2 H 8 5 A O A = 0 G 0; 0? > @ 0 4 8 >, 0 B 5 < 8? > B 5; 5 2 8 4 5 = 8 N) = 5 B >; L: > 2? 5 @ 2 K 5? @ 8 C G 8; 8 < 8;; 8 > = K 0 < 2 @ 8: 0 = F 5 2::; 0 A A 8 G 5 A: > 9 < C 7 K: 5, = > 8 A? 0 A; 8 A 5 B 8 > B? @ 0 2 8 B 5; L A B 2 5 = = > 3 >: > = B @ >; O 2 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 0? @ 5 7 8 4 5 = B 0 $ @ 0 =:; 8 = 0 . C 7 2 5;! B 0. B 0: 6 5 8 A? >; L 7 > 2 0; 0: > = F 5 @ B K 4; O? @ > 4 0 6 8?; 0 A B 8 = 5
- ! ‑ $ $ __________________________________________203
" > A: 0 = 8 = 8 > 4 8 = 8 7 A 0 < K E? 5 @ 2 K E 8 C 4 8 2 8 B 5; L = K E? @ 8 < 5 @ > 2? 5 @ 5: @ 5 A B = K E? @ > 4 0 6 2 8 = 4 C A B @ 8 8 @ 0 7 2; 5 G 5 = 8 9.
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
‑ & ‑ ‑ "
‑ & ‑ ‑ "
(1749-1838)
8 1 @ 5 B B 8 A B > F 0 @ B 0 > @ 5 = F > 4 0 > = B 5 @ > 4 8; A O A 8 < 5 = 5 < - < 0 |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
< C 7 K: C > F 0 @ B 0: ｫ! 1 $ 8 3 0 @ > ｻ, ｫ > = C 0 = ｻ 8 ｫ" 0? > A B C? 0 N B 2 A 5 ｻ. >? > O 2; * = 8 O 2: > = F 5 XIX 2. 1; 5 A I 8 E 8 = A F 5 = 8 @ > 2 >: H 5: A 3 @ > 2 A: 8 E? L 5 A ｫ‑ B 5;; > ｻ ｫ 8 = 4 7 > @ A: 8 5? @ >: 0 7 = H (ｫ$ 0; L A B 0 D ｻ), = 0? 8 A 0 = H 4; O 5 @ 4 8: > <? > 7 8 B > @ 5 ｻ; 8 1 @ 5 B B 8 A B > < @ @ 8 3 > > ｻ < C 7 K: 0; L = K 5: > < 5 4 8 8 4 0 A B 5 1 K; 8 2 5 @ H 8 = > 9 < C 7!: 0; L = > 3 > B 5 0 B @ 0. 0 6 = > I = O B L 4 @ C 3 > 5: 1 5 7 A > B @ C 4 = 8 1 A B 2 0 A 4 0 > = B 5 > F 0 @ B = 0? 8 A 0; 1 K < C 7 K: 8,: > B > { > 1 = 0 6 8; 0 G 5; > 2 5 G 5 A: 8 5 A B 2 0 4 > B 0: > 9 A B 5? 5 = 8,: A @ 0 O = 5 4 > A B C? = 0 1 K; 0 4 > = 8: > < C.
? @ > H; > < 4 0 > = B 5 = 8 G 5 3 >, G B >? @ 5 4 2 5 I 0; > 5 3 > C 4 8 2 8 B 5; L = C N 6 8 7 H
; 8 B 5 @ 0 B C @ = K 9 C A? 5 E. ‑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
1773 3. 4 8 B O 3 5 B B > - < < 0 = C M; 5 > = 5; L O = > A B 0; A 2 O I 5 = = 8: > < > @ 5 = F > 4 0 > = B 5. >, 4 0 6 5 1 C 4 C G 8 0 1 1 0 B > <, 4 0 > = B 5 = 8: > 3 4 0 = 5 2 K? >; = O; > 1 O 7 0 = = > A B 5 9 A 2 O I 5 = = 8: 0. 3 > B 5 <? 5 @ 0 < 5 = B (A C 4 O? > >? 8 A 0 = 8 N 2 5 3 > A > 1 A B 2 5 = = K E O @: 8 E 8? @ 8 G C 4; 8 2 K E ｫ 5 < C 0 @ 0 E ｻ) 2 @ O 4; 8 A > > B 2 5 B A B 2 > 2 0; > 1 5 B C 1 5 7 1 @ 0 G 8 O 8 F 5; > < C 4 @ 8 O. " 5 < = 5 < 5 = 5 5 > = 1 K; C 2 0 6 0 5 < K < C G 8 B 5; 5 < 2 A 5 < 8 = 0 @ 8 8 " @ 5 2 8 7 >, C 2; 5 G 5 = = K < A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = > 9; 8 B 5 @ 0 B C @ > 9 8 4 @ 5 2 = 8 < 8 O 7 K: 0 < 8. 3 >; N 1 > 2 = K 5? > E > 6 4 5 = 8 O 7 0 2 5 @ H 8; 8 A L B 5 <, G B > > = A 4 5; 0; @ 5 1 5 =: 0 7 0 < C 6 = 5 9 0 @ 8 A B >: @ 0 B: 5. 3 > @ 0 4 8: 0; L = K 5? >; 8 B 8 G 5 A: 8 5 2 7 3; O 4 K 2 A > G 5 B 0 = 8 8 A @ 0 A? C B = K <? > 2 5 4 5 = 8 5 < > 1 C A; > 2 8; 8 5 3 > 8 7 3 = 0 = 8 5 8 7 " @ 5 2 8 7 >. 4 0 > = B 5 1 5 6 0; 2 5 = 5 F 8 N, 3 4 5,: 0: @ 0 A A: 0 7 K 2 0; 8, = 0 H 5;? @ 8 A B 0 = 8 I 5 2 4 > < 5 4 @ C 3 > 9? @ 5: @ 0 A = > 9 4 0 < K,? > B > < 2 > @ 8 F 8 N 8 7 0? @ 5 4 5; K B 0; 8 8 2 @ 5 7 4 5 = (3 4 5 = 0 C G 8; A O C 4 @ C 3 > 3 > 8 B 0; L O = F 0? 8 A 0 B L? L 5 A K = 0 < C 7 K: C 2 2 8 4 5 >? 5 @).
0: > = 5 F, 2 1782 3., 7 0 @ C G 8 2 H 8 A L @ 5: > < 5 = 4 0 B 5; L = K <? 8 A L < > <:? @ 8 4 2 > @ = > < C: > <? > 7 8 B > @ C = B > = 8 >! 0; L 5 @ 8 (>: > B > @ > <? > 7 6 5 E > 4 8; 8 A; C E 8, 1 C 4 B > > = > B @ 0 2 8; > F 0 @ B 0), 4 0 > = B 5? @ 8 1 K; 2 5 = C 2? > 8 A: 5 @ 0 1 > B K. 2 A B @ 8 9 A: 8 9 4 2 > @ A E > 4 8; A C < 0? > 8 B 0; L O = A: > 9 >? 5 @ 5, 8 A; 0 4: > @ 5 G 8 2 K 9 4 0 > = B 5? >; C G 8; < 5 A B >? > M B 0? @ 8 8 <? 5 @ 0 B > @ A: > < B 5 0 B @ 5. ‑ = 0? 8 A 0; > 4 = >; 8 1 @ 5 B B > 4; O! 0; L 5 @ 8, 0 2 4 > < 5 5 2 @ 5 O 0 @ 8 A B >: @ 0 B 0 1 0 @ > = 0 5 F; 0 @ 0? > 7 = 0: > < 8; A O A 4 2 0 4 F 0 B 8 A 5 < 8; 5 B = 8 < > F 0 @ B > <.
E? 5 @ 2 K 9 A > 2 < 5 A B = K 9? @ > 5: B,? @ 8 < 5 @ = >? 5 @ 5 2 5 4 5 = = K 9: 0: ｫ‑ 4 C @ 0 G 5 = = K 9 < C 6 ｻ, B 0: 8 = 5 2 >?; > B 8; A O. 0 A 5 < L; 5 B 4 > A 2 > 5 9: > = G 8 = K > F 0 @ B > B; 8 G 0; A O 8 4 5 0; L = K < 2 4 > E = > 2 5 = 8 5 < 8 > B; 8 G = > 9 B 5 E = 8: > 9. < C B @ 5 1 > 2 0; > A L = 5 G B > 1 >; L H 5 5, = 5 6 5; 8 5 I 5 > 4 = 0 >? 5 @ 0 -1 C D D A B 8? 8 G = > 9 4; O = 5 5:; > C = 0 4 > 9 8: > < 8 G 5 A: 8 < 8 B @ N: 0 < 8. = 8 < 0 = 8 5 6 5 > F 0 @ B 0 8 4 0 > = B 5? @ 8 2; 5:; 0 1 >; 5 5 @ 5 2 >; N F 8 > = = 0 O? L 5 A 0 B > 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8 ｫ 5 = 8 B L 1 0 $ 8 3 0 @ > ｻ L 5 @ 0 > < 0 @ H 5. = 5 9 @ 0 A A: 0 7 K 2 0; 0 A L 8 A B > @ 8 8 @ 0 7 2 @ 0 B = > 3 > 3 @ 0 D 0,? K B 0 2 H 5 3 > A O 8 7 < 5 = 8 B L A 2 > 5 9 C 3 > = -
100 % 1
G 5 = = > 9 A C? @ C 3 5 A > A; C 6 0 =: > 9 (A > 1 8 @ 0 2 H 5 9 A O 7 0 < C 6 7 0 5 3 > A; C 3 C!)| @ 8 A C B A B 2 > 2 0; 8 2 A 5 M; 5 < 5 = B K: > < 8 G 5 A: > 9 >? 5 @ K, 7 0 = 5 A: >; L: 8 <! 8 A:; N G 5 = 8 O < 8. 5 G L H; 0 > @ 5 0; L = K E; N 4 O E. ‑ = 8? 5; 8 A 8 A B 8 = = K * G C 2 A B 2 > <. > @ > 9 1 K; 8? > -= 0 A B > O I 5 < C = 0? C 3 0 = K. ‑ = 8 A < 5 O; 8 A L = 5 8 A B > 2 A B 2 > 2 0; 8, 8 = > 3 4 0 8 A? >; = O; 8 0 @ 8 8 A 2 > A E 8 B 8 B 5; L = K < 8 A; > 2 0 -.? < 8, = 0? 8 A 0 = = K < 8 = 0 = 5 7 0 1 K 2 0 5 < K 5 < 5; > 4 8 8, 2 K 7 K 2 0 2 H 8 5 A 9 5 7 K.
8 1 @ 5 B B > 4 0 > = B 5: ｫ > = C 0 = C ｻ (= 0 > A = > 2 5 A B 0 @ > 9; 5 3 5 = 4 K ｫ 0 | < 5 = = K 9 3 > A B L ｻ) 8: 8 3 @ 8 2 > 9, = > > @ 8 3 8 = 0; L = > 9 ｫ" 0:? > A B C? 0 N B 2 A 5 | > 1 @ 0 I 5 = K: 8 = K < 4 @ 0 < 0 B 8 G 5 A: 8 < 8? > M B 8 G 5 A: 8 < 7 0 1 > B 0 <. ｫ > (C 0 = ｻ 1 C @ = 0 O B @ 0 3 8: > < 5 4 8 O, @ 0 A A: 0 7 K 2 0 N I 0 O >? 5 @ A > = 0 6 5,? > | E > 6 5 < = 0 0 7 0: > 2 C 8 = 5 4 0; 5: > C H 5 4 H 5 < > B A 0 < > 3 > 4 0 > = B 5 2 = 5 4 0 2 = 5 <? @ > H; > <. > 4 > 1 = > ｫ 0 <; 5 B C ｻ 8 ｫ$ 0 C A B C ｻ, > = 0 C = 8: 0; L = 0, = 5 |? > 4 2; 0 A B = 0 A B 5 @ 5 > B 8? 0 < 8; 8 A B @ > 3 > < C 0 = 0; 8 7 C. 5 A < > B @ O = 0 A? G 5 @ = > 5 A 5 @ 4 F 5, > = C 0 = 2 5; 8 G 5 A B 2 5 = 2 A 2 > 5 9 C 6 0 A 0 N I 5 9 M; 5 < 5 = | B 0 @ = > A B 8. 0? @ > B 8 2, ｫ" 0:? > A B C? 0 N B 2 A 5 ｻ? C 7 K @ O B A O: 0: H 0 <? 0 = A |: > 5, = > = 5 < = > 3 > 3 > @ L: > 2 0 B K. " >, G B > 2 = 8 E @ 0 A A: 0 7 0 = > > 1 > B = > H C = 8 O E < 5 6 4 C < C 6 G 8 = 0 < 8 8 6 5 = I 8 = 0 < 8 : 0: > = 8 > 1 < 0 = K 2 0 N B 4 @) 4 @ C 3 0,: 0:; 3 C B,? @ > O 2; O N B A B @ 0 A B L,? > 7 = 0 N B 8 7 0 1 K 2 0 N B; N 1 > 2 L,? >; = 0 O 2 K 4 C <: 0 4 0 > = B 5.
B 0; L O = A: 8 9 O 7 K: 4 0 > = B 5? @ > A B > A 2 5 @: 0 5 B 2 D > = 5 B 8 G 5 A: > <: 1 C 6 4 5 = 8 8. ‑ = 1 K; = 5 B >; L: > 2 5; 8: 8 < 4 @ 0 < 0 B C @ 3 > <, = > 8? 5 @ 2 > * = K < 4 @ 0 < 0 B 8 G 5 A: 8 <? > M B > <. ‑ = 4 0 2 0; < > < 5 = B 0; L = C N E 0 @ 0: B 5 @ 8 A: C? 5 @ A > = 0 6 5 9 8 >: @ C 6 0 N I 5 9 A @ 5 4 K. @ 8 B 5; 8 2 B O 3 8 2 0 N B A O = 5 B >;!: > 2 4 5 9 A B 2 8 5, = > 8 G B > 2 0 6 = 5 5 " 2 < K A; 8 8 M < > F 8 8 B 5 E,? @ 5 4 A B 0 2; O N B A O 6 8 2 K < 8; N 4 L < 8. 5 A < > B @ O = 0? @ > 4 >; 6 8 B 5; L = A M B 8 E? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 9, 2 = 8 E = 5 B -? > 2 B > @ > 2,; 8 H = 8 E A; > 2 B >; L: >:: @ 0 A = 0 O M: A? @ 5 A A 8 O.
0 3 > 4 4 > A < 5 @ B 8 > F 0 @ B 0 2 1790 3. 0 2 A B @ 8 9 A: 8 9 8 <? 5 @ 0 B > @ C @ 7 0;? > 4 4 5 @ 6: C E C 4 > 6 5 A B 2 5 = = > 3 > B 2 > @ G 5 A B 2 0 8 7 -7 0 C 2 5; 8 G 8 2 H 8 E ^ @ 0 A E > 4 > 2 = 0 2 > 9 = C A " C @ F 8 5 9, 4 0 > = B 5? > B 5 @ O; @ 0 1 > B C, C 5 E 0; 2 " @ 8 5 A B, 3 4 5? > 7 = 0: > < 8; A O A N = > 9 0 = 3; 8 G 0 =: > 9? > 8 < 5 = 8 M = A 8 @ > B? @ 0 2 8; A O 2 < 5 A B 5 A = 5 9 2 0 @ 8 6,? > B > < 2 > = 4 > = (3 4 5 B @ 8 = 0 4!; 5 B? @ > @ 0 1 > B 0; A = K = 5 7 0 1 K B K < 8: > <? > 7 8 B > @ 0 < 8) 8 2: > = F 5: > = F 5 M < 8 3 @ 8 @ > 2 0; 2 < 5 @ 8: C. # > @ 5 = F > 8 M = A 8 @ > 4 8; 8 A L G 5 B 2 5 @ > 4 | B 5 9. @ 5 A B 0 @ 5; K 9 8 < < 8 3 @ 0 = B 7 0 @ 0 1 0 B K 2 0; = 0 A > 4 5 @ 6 0 = 8 5 A 5 < L 8? @? > 4 0 2 0 = 8 5 < @ O 4 0 5 2 @ >? 5 9 A: 8 E O 7 K: > 2. ‑ = C < 5 @ 2 2 > 7 @ 0 A B 5 2 > A L 4 5 A O B 8 4 5 2 O B 8; 5 B 8 1 K;? > E > @ > = 5 = 2 @ C:; 8 = 5.
# #! ‑ ,
(1862-1932)
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ｫ @ 0 B L O 5 E < 0 = K ｻ, ｫ > 4 F < 0 = 8! 0 E A ｻ, ｫ 5 @ -B 3 5 9 < (@ 5 4 5 @ ｻ; D > = 4 K 8 < C 7 5 8, A > 7 4 0 = = K 5 C 3 3 5 = 3 5 9 < 0 < 8; 3 8 3 0 = B K @ > 7 = 8 G = > 9 B > @ 3 > 2; 8,: 0: ｫ 5 9 A 8, 1 @ 0 E 0 < 8 (B @ 0 C A ｻ,
100 % !
# #! ‑ ,
ｫ! 8 M @ A ｻ, ｫ 8 1 >: ｻ, 2 > 7 = 8:; 8 8 @ 0 7 2 8 2 0; 8 A L: 0: < 5;: 8 9 A 5 < 5 9 = K! 1 8 7 = 5 A,: > B > @ K 9 @ > A 2 < 5 A B 5 A 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: 8 <: >; > A A > <.
6 C; 8 C A > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 G 0 A B > 3 > 2 0 @ 8 2 0;, G B > D 8 = 0 = A > 2 K 9 C A? 5 E 4 5 2 O = > A B >? O B L -? @ > F 5 = B > 2 A > A B > 8 B 8 7? > B 0 8 = 0? O B L? @ > F 5 = B 0 2 4 > E = > 2 5 = 8 O. ‑ = B 0: 6 5 C B 2 5 @ 6 4 0;, G B > = 5 7 = 0 5 B @ 0 7 < 5 @ > 2 A 2 > 5 3 > A B > O = 8 O. - B > < C C 4 8 2 8 B 5; L = > < C G 5; > 2 5: C 1 K; > = 5 2 0 6 = >, A B > 8; |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
‑ = @ > 4 8; A O 2!? @ 8 = 3 D 8; 4 5, 2 H B 0 B 5;; 8 = > 9 A, 2: 2 0 @ B 0; 5::? 0 4 C > B 4 > < 0 2 @ 0 0 < 0 8 =: >; L = 0. > 4 8 B 5; 8 > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 0 1 K; 8 = 5 < 5 F: 8 < 8 5 2 @ 5 O < 8, 8 < < 8 3 @ 8 @ > 2 0 2 H 8 < 8 2 < 5 @ 8: C 2 = 0 G 0; 5 1850-E 3 3 |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
2 > 7 @ 0 A B 5 A 5 < = 0 4 F 0 B 8; 5 B 6 C; 8 C A > B? @ 0 2 8; A O = 0 2 K C G: C: < 8 < 4 O 4 L O < 2 L N - > @:. ‑ =? > 4 @ C 6 8; A O A 5 = @ 8 >; 4 < 0 = > < (? A 6 5 A B 0 2 H 8 < > A = > 2 0 B 5; 5 <: > <? 0 = 8 8 ｫ >; 4 < 0 =,! 0 E A ｻ) 8 5 = @ 8 > { 3 5 = B 0 C (1 C 4 C I 8 <? > A; > < 8 > B F > < < 8 9 8 A B @ 0 D 8 = 0 = A > 2 2? @ 0 2 8 B 5; L A B 2 5 $ @ 0 =:; 8 = 0 . C 7 2 5; L B 0). 5 @ 2 > = 0 G 0; L = K 5 C A 8; 8 O 6 C; 8 C A = 0; 0 4 8 B L A > 1 A B 2 5 = = > 5 H 2 5 9 = > 5? @ > 8 7 2 > 4 A B 2 > 2 L N - > @: 5 8 ' 8 1: 0 3 > C 2 5 = G 0; 8 A L A: @ > < = K < 8 C A? 5 E 0 < 8. 1890 3. > = 6 5 = 8; A O = | 2 3 C A B 5 C A 1 0 C < (8 A B 0; 2 < 5 A B 5 A = 5 9 3 > @ 4 K < @ > 4 8 B 5; 5 <? O B 5 @ L 4 5 B 5 9). 2 3 C A B 0 A K 3 @ 0 5 B:; N G 5 2 C N @ >; L 2? @ 5 2 @ 0 I 5 = 8 8 6 C; 8 C A 0 1 2 5 4 C I 5 3 > D 8; 0 = B @ >? 0 8 @ > 7 = 8 G = > 3 > B > @ 3 > 2 F 0 A 2 > 5 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8. > 3 > = 5 4 2 0 < > 3 A 5 1 5 M B >? > 7 2 >; 8 B L, 6 C; 8 C A 8 <? C; L A 8 2 = >? > 4 0 @ ｻ 2 500 4 >;; 0 @ > 2 = 0 5 2 @ 5 9 A: C N 1; 0 3 > B 2 > @ 8 B 5; L = > A B L. 2 3 C A B 0? > 4 4 5 { 6 0; 0 5 3 > A > 2 5 B > < = 8: > 3 4 0 = 5: >; 5 1 0 B L A O, 4 0 2 0 O 4 5 = L 3 8 = 0 1; 3 @ 8 B 5; L = > A B L. : > = F 5 1890-E 3 3. > = A B 0; >? B > 2 K < B > @ 3 > 2 F 5 < 8 2 8; > < 5 G B 5 2 A 5 9 6 8 7 = 8 7 0 @ 0 1 0 B K 2 0 B L? O B = 0 4 F 0 B L B K A O G 4 A @ > 2 2 3 > 4:? >? O B L B K A O G = 0; 8 G = K 5 @ 0 A E > 4 K, = 0 = 0: >?; 5 = 8 5 8 1; 0 3 > B 2 > @ 8 B 5; L = > A B L.
1895 3. 1 @ 0 B 2 3 C A B K 0 @ > = 8 6 C; 8 C A 2; > 6 8; 8 4 5 = L 3 8 2 = { 2 > 5 A > 2 < 5 A B = > 5? @ 5 4? @ 8 O B 8 5 ｫ! 8 M @ A, > C 1 C: M = 4 > <? 0 = 8 ｻ. ‑ A = A
2 0 B 5; 5 < D 8 @ < K ｫB > 2 0 @ K? > G B > 9 ｻ 1 K;? @ > @ >: < 0 @: 5 B 8 = 3 0? > 8 < 5 = 8 8 G 0 @ 4! 8 M @ A. C 4 C G 8? 5 @ 2 >? @ > E > 4 F 5 < @ 5:; 0 < K,! 8 M @ A = 5 1 K;? @ 5 4? @ 8 8 < G 8 2 K < B > @ 3 > 2 F 5 <. > 3 4 0 0 @ > = 8 6 C; 8 C A? @ 8 > 1 @ 5; 8? > 4 2 0 4 F 0 B L? O B L? @ > F 5 = B > 2 0: F 8 9 ｫ! 8 M @ A ｻ (? > 37 500 4 >;; 0 @ > 2 7 0: 0 6 4 C N 4 >; N,? @ 8 G 5 < 4 >; N 6 C; 8 C A 0 2 7 = 0 G 8 B 5; L = > 9 A B 5? 5 = 8 D 8 = 0 = A 8 @ > 2 0; 4 5 = 5 6 = K 9 4 @ C 3 8 7 L N - > @: 0), 1 8 7 = 5 A @ 0 7 2 0; 8 2 0; A O, B > 2 0 @ K 1 K; 8 E C 4 H 5 3 >: 0 G 5 A B 2 0, G 5 < 2 < 0 3 0 7 8 = 0 E, 0 @ 5:; 0 < 0 G 0 A B > 2 2 > 4 8; 0 2 7 0 1; C 6 4 5 = 8 5. > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4? >; C G 8; H 0 = A? @ 5 2 @ 0 B 8 B L 2 5; 8: >; 5? = C N 8 4 5 N 2 1 8 7 = 5 A,: > B > @ K 9 4 >: 0 7 0; 1 K A 2 > N M D D 5: B 8 2 = > A B L? @ 8 7 0 2 > 5 2 0 = 8 8 4 > 2 5 @ 8 O? >: C? 0 B 5; O 8 > @ 3 0 = 8 7 0 F 8 8 4 >; 6 = > 3 >?; 0 = 8 @ > 2 0 = 8 O. > 4 @ C: > 2 > 4 A B 2 > < > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 0 ｫ! 8 M @ A ｻ 2 K @ > A; 0 2 3 8 3 0 = B A: C N: > @? > @ 0 F 8 N, > 1 A; C 6 8 2 0 2 H C N: 0 6 4 > 3 >? > B @ 5 1 8 B 5; O,: > B > @ K 9 = 5 = 0 E > 4 8; = C 6 = > 9 5 < C 2 5 I 8 2 < 5 A B = > < < 0 3 0 7 8 = 5, = > 2 < 5 A B > 4 0; L = 5 9? > 5 7 4: 8? >?; > E 8 < 4 > @ > 3 0 < 1 @ 0;: 0 B 0; > 3 ｫ! 8 M @ A ｻ 8 7 0: 0 7 K 2 0; B > 2 0 @? >? > G B 5.
ｫ! 8 M @ A ｻ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ｫ! 8 M @ A ｻ, 8 > = A B 0;? > A B > O = = > 9 G 5 @ B > 9 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 3 > > 1 @ 0 7 0 6 8 7 = 8.
>? C; O @ = 0 A; 5 4 C N I 0 O; 5 3 5 = 4 0: C G 5 = 8 F 0 2 > A: @ 5 A = > 9 H: >; K A? @ > A 8; 0 C G 8 B 5; O, > B: C 4 0 2 7 O; 8 A L 5 A O B L 7 0? > 2 5 4 5 9. ｫ‑ B ｫ! 8 M @ A 8 > C -1 C: 0 ｻ, @ 0 7 C < 5 5 B A O ｻ, > B 2 5 B 8; C G 8 B 5; L.
> 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 2 = 5 4 @ 8; 8 4 @ C 3 8 5 = > 2 0 B > @ A: 8 5 4 5; > 2 K 5? @ 8 5 < K, 2 B > < G 8 A; 5? @ 8 = F 8? < 0 A A > 2 > 3 >? @ > 8 7 2 > 4 A B 2 0 (7 0 4 >; 3 > 4 > 5 = @ 8 $ > @ 4 0 8 4 @ C 3 8 E = 4 C A B @ 8 0; L = K E 3 8 3 0 = B > 2). 0 @ 0 = B 8 O 2 > 7 2 @ 0 B 0 4 5 = 5 3 (2 B > < G 8 A; 5 B @ 0 = A? > @ B = K E @ 0 A E > 4 > 2 2 > 1 0: > = F 0), 8 A? >; L 7 > 2 0 = 8 5? > G B > 2 K E? > A K; >:,? 5 @ 2 0 O 2! (8 A? K B 0 B 5; L = 0 O; 0 1 > @ 0 B > @ 8 O 4; O @ > 7 = 8 G = K E B > 2 0 @ > 2,? 5 @ 2 K 5 2 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: 1 9? @ > < K H; 5 = = > A B 8 0 2 B > < 0 B K 4; O 2 A: @ K B 8 O? 8 A 5 <, 5 4 2 0; 8 = 5? 5 @ 2 K 5? C 1; 8 G = K 5 @ 0 A? @ > 4 0 6 8 (> @ 3 0 = 8 7 > 2 0 = = K 5 5 3 > 4 @ C 7 L O < 8 8 7 ｫ >; 4 < 0 = ｻ, ｫ! 0 E A ｻ), 0 B 0: 6 5 = 0: >?; 5 = 8 O, C G 0 A B 8 5 2? @ 8 1 K; O E 8 2?; 0 = 8 @ > 2 0 = 8 8 7 0? 0 A > 2 B > 2 0 @ > 2,? > A > 1 8 O = 0; 5 G 5 = 8 5 8 > B 4 K E A; C 6 0 I 8 E B 0: > 2 K 1 K; 8 A > A B 0 2 = K 5 C A? 5 H = > 3 > 1 8 7 = 5 A 0 > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 0.
M? > E C,: > 3 4 0 5 I 5 = 5 1 K; 2 2 5 4 5 =? > 4 > E > 4 = K 9 = 0; > 3, > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4? > 4 > 1 = > 6 > = C >: D 5;; 5 @ C 8 - = 4 @ N 0 @ = 5 3 8 A: 0 7 > G = > @ 0 7 1 > 3 0 B 5;.
100 % ;
# #! ‑ ,
‑ 4 = 0: > > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 (: 0: 4 > = 5 3 > 1 0 @ > = > @ 8 A 8 @ H, A M @ > 7 5 A > = -B 5 D L > @ 5 8 6 5 9: > 1 (8 D) G C 2 A B 2 > 2 0;, G B > = 5 A B > 8 B 6 8 B L 1 8 7 = 5 A < 5 = > <, = 5 1 5 @ O = 0 A 5 1 O 3 @ 0 6 4 0 = A: > 9 > B 2 5 B A B 2 5 = = > A B 8.
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‑ 1 J 5 4 8 = 5 = = K 9 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = > -5 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 9 @ 0 A? @ 5 4 5; 8 B 5; L = K 9: > < 8 B 5 B ] (>: 0 7 K 2 0 2 H 8 9? > < > I L 5 2 @ 5 O <,? > A B @ 0 4 0 2 H 8 < 2 E > 4 5 5 @ 2 > 9 < 8 @ 0 -1 2 > 9 2 > 9 = K, 0 B 0: 6 5 6 5 @ B 2 0 < 2 5; L 3 8 8, @ < 5 = 8 8,! 8 @ 8 8,! 5 @ 1 8 8 8 ] 5 @ < 0 = 8 8; E 0 @ 0: B 5 @ = >, G B > > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4? @ 5 4; > 6 8; > 4 8 = < 8;; 8 > =? @ 8 ] C A; > 2 8 8, G B > > < 8 B 5 B A > 1 5 @ 5 B = 0 B > 9 6 5 > A = > 2 5 5 I 5 4 5 2 O B L < 8;; 8 -] > = > 2 8 A B 0 = 5 B; 8 4 5 @ > < 2 8 E? 5 @ 2 > 9 1 >; L H > 9: 0 <? 0 = 8 8), B 0: 8 5 5 2 -| @ 5 9 A: 8 5 > @ 3 0 = 8 7 0 F 8 8,: 0: < 5 @ 8: 0 = > -5 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 9: > < 8 B 5 B, 8 C 4 5 9 A -!: 8 5 B 5 >; > 3 8 G 5 A: 8 5 A 5 < 8 = 0 @ K, 8 B 0: 8 5 < C 7 5 8,: 0: ' 8: 0 3 A: 8 9 < C 7 5 9! = 0 C: 8 8? @ > < K H; 5 = = > A B 8 (: > B > @ K 9 > = A 0 < 8 > A = > 2 0;).'
4 >? >; = 5 = 8 5:? > 4 > 1 = > < C 4 0 @ 5 = 8 N 4 5 = 5 3 > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 @ 0 7 @ 0 1 > ^ B 0; = > 2 K 5 4; O A 2 > 5 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8: > = F 5? F 8 8 B > 3 >,: 0: A; 5 4 C 5 B 4 0 2 0 B L! = 0 1; 0 3 > B 2 > @ 8 B 5; L = > A B L. ‑ = 2 K A B C? 0;? @ > B 8 2 8 4 5 8? > 6 5 @ B 2 > 2 0 = 8 O! = 0 2 5 G = > B 0: = 0 7 K 2 0 5 < > 9 < 5 @ B 2 > 9 @ C: 8 (2; 0 4 5 = 8 O = 5 4 2 8 6 8 < > A B L N ] 1 5 7? @ 0 2 0? 5 @ 5 4 0 G 8), D 8; 0 = B @ >? 8 8, = 0 2 A 5 3 4 0 C A B 0 = 0 2; 8 2 0 2 H 5 9? > @ O -| 4 >: @ 0 A E > 4 > 2 0 = 8 O? > 6 5 @ B 2 > 2 0 = 8 9. >? 5 G 8 B 5; 8 8 4 8 @ 5: B > @ 0 4 >; 6 = K | > A < > B @ 8 B 5; L = >, = > 1 5 7 > 3 @ 0 = 8 G 5 = 8 9 A G 8 B 0; > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 8 A? >; L -1 7 > 2 0 B L > A = > 2 = > 9: 0? 8 B 0; 8? @ > F 5 = B K. 3 > < 5 B > 4 4 0 @ 5 = 8 O >: 0 7 0; ; 8 -| B 5; L = > 5 8 3; C 1 >: > 5 2; 8 O = 8 5 = 0 B >,: 0: 1; 0 3 > B 2 > @ 8 B 5; L = K 5 C G @ 5 6 4 5 -| = 8 O? >; C G 0 N B 8 @ 0 A E > 4 C N B? > 6 5 @ B 2 > 2 0 = 8 O. ‑ =? >; 0 3 0;, G B > 4 5 = L 3; C G H 5 4 0 2 0 B L 7 0 @ 0 = 5 5, 4 > B > 3 >,: 0: A; C G 8 B A O: @ 8 7 8 A, 0 = 5? > A; 5, G B >? @ 5 4? > G B 8 B 5; L = 5 5 4 0 2 0 B L B 0:, G B > 1 K M B > < C? @ 8 < 5 @ C? > A; 5 4 > 2 0; 8 4 @ C 3 8 5.
Дата добавления: 2015-08-29; просмотров: 29 | Нарушение авторских прав
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