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(?- >:. 80)
5 3 5 = 4 0 3; 0 A 8 B, G B > 2 > 2 @ 5 < O > A 0 4 K 5 @ C A 0; 8 < 0 @ 8 <; O = 0 < 8 2 70 3. C G 5 = 8: 8 B 0 9 = >, 2 D > 1 C 2 K = 5 A; 8 5 3 > 8 7 3 > @ > 4 0. 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 5? > 2 A B 0 = F K 7 8; > B K 1; >: 8 @ > 2 0; 8 3 > @ > 4 8 = 8: > 3 > = 5? @ >? C A: 0; 8.!? 0 A 5 = = K 9 C G 8 B 5; L 1 K; 7 0 < 5 A B 8 B 5; 5 < 3; 0 2 K A 8 = 5 4 @ 8 > = 0, @ 0 2 2 8 = > < > E 0 -= 0 = 1 5 = -! 0:: 0 5 <.
! 0:: 0 9 1 K;? @ > B 8 2 = 8: > < 2 > A A B 0 = 8 O. ‑ = 2 5 @ 8; = 5 2 < 5 A A 8 0 = 8 7 <, 0 2 C G 5 = > A B L. < C A? @ 0 2 5 4; 8 2 >? @ 8? 8 A K 2 0 N B A > E @ 0 = 5 = 8 5 8 C 4 0 8 7 < 0, > A = > 2 0 = = > 3 > = 5 = 0: C; L B 5 6 5 @ B 2 >? @ 8 = > H 5 = 8 O 2 % @ 0 < 5 5 @ C A 0; 8 < 0 (@ 0 7 @ C H 5 = = > < @ 8 < A: 8 < 8; 5 3 8 > = 0 < 8), 0 = 0: @ 5? > A B 8 " > @ K 8 7 0: > = 0 > 8 A 5 5 2 0.
= > 3 8 5 5 2 @ 5 8 B > 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8 A G 8 B 0; 8 5 3 >? @ 5 4 0 B 5; 5 <. > A; 5 1 5 3 A B 2 0 8 7 5 @ C A 0; 8 < 0! 0:: 0 9 @ 8 A: = C; O 2 8 B L A O 2; 0 3 5 @ L @ 8 < A: > 3 >? >;: > 2 > 4 F 0 5 A? 0 A 8 0 = 0. > 2 >; L = K 9?; 5 = 5 = 8 5 < A B >; L 2 8 4 = > 3 > 8 C 4 5 9 A: > 3 > 4 5 O B 5; O, 5 A? 0 A 8 0 =? @ 8 = O; 5 3 >. 0 2 2 8 =? >? @ > A 8;? @ 5 4 > A B 0 2 8 B L 5 < C C 1 5 6 8 I 5 > B 7 8; > B > 2 8? @ 5 4 A: 0 7 0;, G B > 5 A? 0 A 8 0 = A B 0 = 5 B F 5 7 0 @ 5 <. ｫ‑ B 4 0 9 < = 5 0 2 = 5 N 8 < 5 A B = K E < C 4 @ 5 F > 2 ｻ, ? >? @ > A 8; @ 0 2 2 8 =. 8 < A: 8 9? >;: > 2 > 4 5 F (2 A: > @ 5 4 5 9 A B 2 8 B 5; L = >? @ > 2 > 7 3; 0 H 5 = = K 9 A 2 > 8 < 8 2 > 9 A: 0 < 8 8 <? 5 @ 0 B > @ > <) C 4 > 2; 5 B 2 > @ 8; 5 3 >? @ > A L 1 C >: @ 5? > A B 8 1; 8 7? > 1 5 @ 5 6 L O: 7 0? 0 4 C > B 5 @ C A 0; 8 < 0? > 4 = 0 7 2 0 = 8 5 < 0 2 = 5 O (@ O 4 > < A A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = > 9 / D D > 9).
>; L 7 C O A L? > 4 4 5 @ 6: > 9 @ 8 < A: 8 E 2; 0 A B 5 9, > E 0 = 0 = 1 5 = -! 0:: 0 9 C A B @ > 8; = 0 2 5 @ E = 5 < M B 0 6 5 4 > < 0 8 2? @ 8; 5 -
100 %
3 0 N I 5 < 2 8 = > 3 @ 0 4 = 8: 5 2 0 2 = 5 5 0: 0 4 5 < 8 N 4; O 8 7 C G 5 = 8 O 8 C 4 5 9 A: > 3 >; 7 0: > = 0. ? 5 @ 2 K 5 7 0 A > B = 8; 5 B 0 2 = 5 O A B 0; 0 F 5 = B @ > < 8 C 4 5 9 A: > 9 < K A; 8) 2 = 5 5 @ C A 0; 8 < 0. < 5 = = > 2 0 2 = 5 5 A > A B > O; 8 A L? 5 @ 2 0 O: > 4 8 D 8: 0 F 8 O * 7 0: > = 0 > 8 A 5 5 2 0 8 A 0 < > 5 2 0 6 = > 5 2 8 A B > @ 8 8 7 0? 0 4 = > 9 F 8 2 8; 8 7 0 -; F 8 8 >: > = G 0 B 5; L = 0 O @ 5 4 0: F 8 O 5 B E > 3 > 0 2 5 B 0. 0 2 A 5 3 4 0 1 K; 8 7 0 -" D 8: A 8 @ > 2 0 = K A > 1 K B 8 O 8 C 4 5 9 A: > 3 >: 0; 5 = 4 0 @ O, 2:; N G 0 O G C 4 5 A = K 5!? @ 0 7 4 = 8: 8 ( 0 A E 0, C @ 8 < 8 4 @.) 8 A 2 O B K 5 4 = 8. 0 2 2 8 = A: 8 9 A C 4 2 [ 0 2 = 5 5 1 K; 4; O < 5 A B = > 3 > = 0 A 5; 5 = 8 O A > 2 5 B > < 4; O? @ 8 = O B 8 O @ 5 H 5 = 8 9 3 8 > 1 @ 0 7 F > <? @ 0 2; 5 = 8 O 2? > A; 5 4 > 2 0 2 H 8 5 B @ C 4 = K 5 2 5: 0.
> 3 @ C 6 5 = 8 5 2 A 5 @ 4 F 5 2 8 = C 8 C 4 0 8 7 < 0,? > 4 0; L H 5 > B 1 5 A? >; 5 7 = K E ^ A @ 0 6 5 = 8 9 A? @ 5 2 > A E > 4 O I 8 < 8 A 8; 0 < 8 2 > 5 = = K E 4 5 @ 6 0 2, > B 2; 0 A B 8 F 5 = -* B @ 0; L = > 3 > % @ 0 < 0 2 5 @ C A 0; 8 < 5 8 > B D 0 = 0 B 8 G 5 A: > 9 B > A: 8? > 5 A A 8 8, | 4 0; > @ 5; 8 3 8 8 = > 2 > 5 = 0 G 0; >. > E 0 = 0 = 1 5 = -! 0:: 0 9? @ 8 7 K 2 0; 5 2 @ 5 5 2! = 5 B > @ >? 8 B L A O A @ 0 7 @ C H 5 = 8 5 < O 7 K G 5 A: 8 E 0; B 0 @ 5 9. A; 8 A 0 6 0 5 H L 4 5 -1 @ 5 2 > 8: B > -B >? @ 8 1 5 3 0 5 B: B 5 1 5 8 3 > 2 > @ 8 B, G B > 5 A A 8 O? @ 8 H 5;, 7 0 -;: > = G 8? > A 0 4: C 8 B >; L: > B > 3 4 0 8 4 8 8? > A < > B @ 8. 5 = 0 4 > 1 >; L H 5 = 8: 0: 8 E 1 > 5 2, = 8: 0: 8 E @ 8 B C 0; > 2 6 5 @ B 2 >? @ 8 = > H 5 = 8 O, = 8: 0: > 3 > 3 > A C -^ 4 0 @ A B 2 0 ? @ 8 7 K 2 0; > =, B >; L: > C G 5 1 0. G 5 @ = K 5 A B >; 5 B 8 O 2?; > B L;! 4 > M? > E 8 > 7 @ > 6 4 5 = 8 O 2 > 7 = 8: = C B 8? > 3 8 1 = C B 1 5 A G 8 A; 5 = = K 5 F 8 2 8 -^]; 8 7 0 F 8 8. 2 @ 5 8 2 K 6 8 2 C B, 8 > 4 = 8 < 8 7 2 4 > E = > 2; O N I 8 E 8 E? @ 8 < 5 @ > 2 ] A; C 6 8; > E 0 = 0 = 1 5 = -! 0:: 0 9.
> A; 5: 0 B 0 A B @ > D 8 G 5 A: > 3 > 2 > A A B 0 = 8 O! 8 < > = 0 0 @ - > E 1 K 2 A; 5 -,< 4 C N I 5 < A B >; 5 B 8 8? @ 5: @ 0 B 8; 0 A 2 > 5 A C I 5 A B 2 > 2 0 = 8 5 0: 0 4 5 < 8 O 2 0 2 -1 = 5 5, A B 0 2 H 5 9 A = 0 G 0; 0 7 0? 0 4 = K <? @ 8 3 > @ > 4 > < 0; 8; 5 8,? 5 @ 5 6 8 2 H 5 9!? @ 0 2; 5 = 8 5 < = > 3 8 E? >: >; 5 = 8 9 A 5 < 5 9 2; 0 A B = K E? 0 B @ 8 0 @ E > 2 8? > 3 @ 5 ~| 1 5 = = > 9 7 0 B 5 <? 5 A: 0 < 8 2 @ 5 7 C; L B 0 B 5 2 > 9 = 8 @ 0 7 @ C H 5 = 8 9. > C A B 0 = > 2; 5 = = 0 O 0: 0 4 5 < 8 5 9 D > @ < 0 @ 0 2 2 8 = A: > 3 >? @ 0 2; 5 = 8 O 8 2 = 8 < 0 = 8 5: 8 7 C G 5 = 8 N 8 7 0? 8 A K 2 0 = 8 N, B.5. A > E @ 0 = 5 = 8 N B > 3 >, G B > 1 K; > 2 > A = > 2 = > <! C A B = > 9 B @ 0 4 8 F 8 5 9, > 1 5 A? 5 G 8; 8 @ 0 7 2 8 B 8 5 > 1 @ 0 7 0 6 8 7 = 8 5 2 @ 5 5 2 8 8 E | 2; 8 O = 8 5 = 0 < 8 @.
‑, (
(1874-1951)
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‑ 1 5 B > 2 0 = = > 9 8 4 5 0; L = > C? > @ O 4 > G 5 = = K E 3 0 @ < > = 8 9, < 5; > 4 8 9 8 4 8 A A > = 0 = A > 2.
= 0 G 0; 5 1920-E 3 3. (Q = 1 5 @ 3, G C 2 A B 2 C O, G B > 8 A G 5 @? 0; B @ 0 4 8 F 8 > = = K 5: > = F 5? F 8 8 < 5; > 4 8 8 8 3 0 @ < > = 8 8, @ 0 7 @ 0 1 > B 0; < 5 B > 4 < C 7 K: 0; L = > 9: > <? > 7 8 F 8 8, = 0 7 2 0 = = K 9? > 7 6 5 ｫ12-B > = > 2 > 9 A 8 A B 5 < > 9 ｻ 8; 8 ｫ4 > 4 5: 0 D > = 8 5 9 ｻ.
> <? > 7 8 F 8 8 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0 8 < = > 3 8 E 8 7 5 3 >? > A; 5 4 > 2 0 B 5; 5 9 > B @ 0 6 0; 8 5 3 > C G 5 = 8 5. ‑ = A G 8 B 0;, G B >: 0 6 4 K 9 B > = > 1; 0 4 0 5 B A > 1 A B 2 5 = = K < M: A? @ 5 A A 8 2 = K < 7 = 0 G 5 = 8 5 <, = 5 7 0 2 8 A O I 8 < > B B @ 0 4 8 F 8 > = = K E 3 0 < < 8; 8 < 5; > 4 8 G 5 A: 8 E > 1 @ 0 7 > 2. ‑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
100 %
‑, (
= 0 G 0; 5 XX 2. 0 @ 8 6 8 5 = 0 1 K; 8 4 2 C < O A >? 5 @ = 8 G 0 2 H 8 < 8 A B >; 8 F 0 < 8 2 @ >? K. 5 = 0 1 K; 0 @ 0 A A 0 4 = 8: > < = > 2 K E 8 4 5 9, < 5 A B > < A B >;: = > 2 5 = 8 O: C; L B C @ 8? >; 8 B 8 G 5 A: 8 E = 0? @ 0 2; 5 = 8 9. @ = >; L 4 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 ] @ > 4 8; A O 2 1874 3. 8 2 K @ > A 2 3 > @ > 4 5 4 @ 0 < 0 B C @ 3 0 8? @ > 7 0 8: 0 @ B C @ 0 (= 8 F; 5 @ 0, ｫ7 >; > B > 3 > ｻ 6 8 2 >? 8 A F 0 C A B 0 2 0; 8 < B 0,? @ 0: B 8 G = K E C G 0 -1 A B = 8: > 2 4 2 8 6 5 = 8 O! 5 F 5 A A 8 > = (E C 4 > 6 = 8: > 2, 0 @ E 8 B 5: B > @ > 2 8 4 5: > @ 0 B > @ > 2,? @ 5 = 5 1 @ 5 3 H 8 E 2 8: B > @ 8 0 = A: > 9 A 5 = B 8 < 5 = B 0; L = > A B L N @ 0 4 8 1 > 3 0 B > 3 > F 2 5 B 0 8 @ 8 A C =: 0),? @ > = 8: 0 N I 5 3 > 2? > 4 A > 7 = 0 = 8 5 4 >: B > @ 0 8 3 -1 < C = 4 0 $ @ 5 9 4 0 8 B 8 B 0 = 8 G 5 A: > 3 > > @: 5 A B @ 0 = B 0 C A B 0 2 0 0; 5 @ 0.
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|: >; 4 > 2 A B 2 > < >? 5 @ 8 E 0 @ 4 0 0 3 = 5 @ 0 ｫ" @ 8 A B 0 = 8 7 >; L 4 0 ｻ 8 ｫ 0 @ 5 = -^ D 0; L ｻ. C 7 K: 0 2 0 3 = 5 @ > 2 A: 8 E H 5 4 5 2 @ > 2 > B; 8 G 0 5 B A O 2 K A >: 8 < E @ > < 0 B 8 7 - -< > <,: > 3 4 0 0:: > @ 4 K: 0: 1 K 2 K B 5: 0 N B 4 @ C 3 8 7 4 @ C 3 0 ] 0 3 = 5 @ > 2 A: 8 9 ' E @ > < 0 B 8 7 < A > 7 4 0;?; 0 F 4 0 @ < 4; O < C 7 K: 0; L = > 9 @ 0 7 2 5 4: 8 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0. ‑ = I 8 A: 0; B 0: > 9 < C 7 K: 0; L = K 9 O 7 K:,: > B > @ K 9? 5 @ 5 4 0 2 0; 1 K: @ 0 9 = 8 5 M < > -1 F 8 > = 0; L = K 5 A > A B > O = 8 O. > <? > 7 8 F 8 8 0; 5 @ 0 B 0: 6 5 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0; 8 4 > 1 = K 5 G C 2 A B 2 0, = > 5 3 > 2 > A? @ 8 O B 8 5? @ 8 @ > 4 K,; N 1 2 8, A < 5 @ B 8 8 2 > A -|: @ 5 A 5 = 8 O 1 K; >; 8 @ 8 G = 5 5, G 5 < C 1 >; 5 5 N = > 3 > (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0. % > B O? > B > < -1: 8 = 0 7 > 2 C B 0; 5 @ 0 1 >; 5 5 2 5; 8: 8 <: > <? > 7 8 B > @ > <, 2 > 7 4 5 9 A B 2 8 5: @ C B > 3 >! < C 7 K: 0; L = > 3 > M: A? @ 5 A A 8 > = 8 7 < 0 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0 >: 0 7 0; > A L 1 >; 5 5 4; 8 B 5; L ~| F K < (? >: @ 0 9 = 5 9 < 5 @ 5 2: @ 0 B: > A @ > G = > 9? 5 @ A? 5: B 8 2 5).
!; > <:; 0 A A 8 G 5 A: > 9 B > = 0; L = > A B 8 > B @ 0 6 0; A > > B 2 5 B A B 2 C N I 8 9? 5 * @ 5; > < 2 > 1 I 5 A B 2 5.!; C H 0 B 5; 8 < > 3; 8? @ > = 8: = C B L 2? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 O? H; > 3 >. ' 0 I 5 2 A 5 3 > 1 K; >; 5 3: >? > = O B L 4 0 6 5 = 0? > 2 5 @ E = > A B = > ｻ C @ > 2 = 5, G B >? K B 0; 8 A L A: 0 7 0 B L:; 0 A A 8 G 5 A: 8 5: > <? > 7 8 B > @ K. C 7 K -!: 0; L = K 9 O 7 K: 5 B E > 2 5 = 0 = 5 4 0; 5: > C H 5; > B > 1 K G = > 9 = 0 @ > 4 = > 9? 5 A B! = 8; 5 3 > D @ 0 7 K 1 K; 8 C 7 = 0 2 0 5 < > 9 G 0 A B L N 5 3 >: C; L B C @ K.! 4 @ C 3 > 9: A B >?! @ > = K, < C 7 K: 0 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0: 0 7 0; 0 A L < = > 3 8 < 5 3 > A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = 8: 0 < 8 = 4 8 -|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| = 0 6 0; 2 < C 7 K: 5 B C A B > @ > = C = 0 A A 0 < 8 E, >: > B > @ > 9 < K = 5 6 5; 0 5 < = *F G 5 3 > 7 = 0 B L. K = 5? @ 8 = 8 < 0 5 < 5 3 > 7 0 B >, G B > > =? @ 8 2 = > A 8; 2 A 2 > 8 | A > G 8 = 5 = 8 O A 8; L = C N 1 >; L.) -!
> @ > 6 4 5 = 8 N 8? > 2 > A? 8 B 0 = 8 N: 0 B >; 8:, (Q = 1 5 @ 3 2 A 2 > 8 < >; > 4 K 5 3 > 4 K? @ 8 = O;; N B 5 @ 0 = A B 2 >, 0 2 A B 0 @ > A B 8 2 5 @ = C; A O: 8 C 4 0 8 7 < C. 3 >? > 8 A: @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = > 9 A 0 < > 1 K B = > A B 8 H 5;? 0 @ 0;; 5; L = > E C 4 > 6 5 A B 2 5 = = > < C @ 0 7 2 8 B 8 N. 0 B @ 5 B L 5 < 4 5 A O B: 5 > = A > G 8 = 8; 2 > A B > @ 6 5 = = C N ｫ @ 5 > 1 @ 0 6 5 = = C N = > G L ｻ 8 ｫ 5 A = 8 C @ @ 5 ｻ. - B 8? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 O = 5 A; 8 = 0 A 5 1 5 > B 7 2 C: 8 0 3 = 5 @ 0, E > B O 8 1 K; 8 4 > 2 >; L = > > @ 8 3 8 = 0; L = K < 8. B > 2 @ 5 < O,: 0:; > 4 5 1 N A A 8? 8 A 0; A 2 > N 7 = 0 < 5 = 8 B C N >? 5 @ C? >? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 N > @ 8 A 0 5 B 5 @; 8 =: 0 ｫ 5;; 5 0 A 8 5; 8 7 0 = 4 0 ｻ, (Q = 1 5 @ 3 A > G 8 = O; A 8 < D > = 8 G 5 A: C N? > M < C = 0 B > B 6 5 A N 6 5 B. 3 > 5 @ 2 K 9 A B @ C = = K 9: 2 0 @ B 5 B 8 0 < 5 @ = 0 O A 8 < D > = 8 O 4 5 < > = A B @ 8 @ > 2 0; 8 B 5 6 5 B 5 = 4 5 = F 8 8 @ 0 A B O 3 8 2 0 = 8 O B > = 0; L = K E @ 0 7 @ 5 H 5 = 8 9 = 0 2 A 5 1 >; 5 5 4 >; 3 8 5 2 @ 5 < 5 = = K 5? 5 @ 8 > 4 K. C 7 K: 0; L = K 9 O 7 K: M B 8 E? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 9? @ 5 4 A B 0 2; O 5 B A O? 5 @ 5 7 @ 5; K <, 8 7 1 K B > G = K <, 1 > 3 0 B K < A 8 < 2 >; 0 < 8. 3 > " @ 8? L 5 A K 4; O D > @ B 5? L O = > (1919 3.) A G 8 B 0 N B A O A 5 3 > 4 = O? > 2 > @ > B = > <? C =: B > < = 0 5 3 > B 2 > @ G 5 A: > <? C B 8. ? 5 @ 2 K 5 2 7 0? 0 4 = > 9 < C 7 K: 5: 0 6 4 0 O = > B 0 8 D @ 0 7 0 8 < 5; 8 A 2 > N F 5; L, A 2 > 1 > 4 = C N > B C A; > 2 = K E < C 7 K: 0; L = K E? @ 0 2 8; 8 > 6 8 4 0 = 8 9.
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ｫ‑ 6 8 4 0 = 8 5 ｻ 8 D 0 = B 0 A B 8 G 5 A: 8 9 ｫ C = = K 9 L 5 @ > ｻ (4; O? 5 2 F 0 8: 0 < 5 @ = > 3 > 0 = A 0 < 1; O) A > 4 5 @ 6 0; 8 < C 7 K: 0; L = C N B: 0 = L 1 5 7 < 5 @ = > 9?; > B = > A B 8 8 2 5 A 0. B > B? 5 @ 8 > 4 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 @ 0 7 @ 0 1 > B 0; B 0: 6 5 B 0: = 0 7 K 2 0 5 < C N? @ > 3 > 2 0 @ 8 2 0 5 < C N? 5 A = N,: > 3 4 0? 5 2 5 F 4 5:; 0 < 8 @ C 5 B < C 7 K: 0; L = C N; 8 = 8 N 2? 5 @ 5 E > 4 = > < A > A B > O = 8 8 < 5 6 4 C? 5 A = L N 8 @ 5 G L N.
0 7; > 1 = K 9 0 = B 8 A 5 < 8 B 8 7 <? 5 @ 8 > 4 0 < 5 6 4 C 4 2 C < O < 8 @ > 2 K < 8 2 > 9 = 0 < 8 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 > B @ 5 0 3 8 @ > 2 0; 2 > 7 2 @ 0 I 5 = 8 5 <: A 2 > 8 < 5 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 <: > @ = O < 2 > @ 0 B > @ 8 8 ｫ 5 A B = 8 F 0 0: > 2 0 ｻ 8 1 >; L H > 9 >? 5 @ > 9 ｫ > 8 A 5 9 8 0 @ > = ｻ, 0 = 0 % >; >: > A B 2 >: 0; L = > -A 8 < D > = 8 G 5 A: > 9: > <? > 7 8 F 8 5 9 ｫ# F 5; 5 2 H 8 9 8 7 0 @ H 0 2 K ｻ. A 2 > 8 E? > A; 5 4 = 8 E? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 O E (Q = 1 5 @ 3 8 A? >; L 7 > 2 0; 1 >; 5 5 B > = 0; L = K 5 < 0 = 5 @ K,: > B > @ K 5 4 5; 0 N B 8 E A 2 > 5 > 1 @ 0 7 = K < < C 7 K: 0; L = K <? @ 8 < 8 @ 5 = 8 5 < A M: A? @ 5 A A 8 > = 8 A B A: > 9 A B > @ > = > 9 5 3 > < 5 B > 4 0.
-: A? @ 5 A A 8 > = 8 7 < (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0 >: 0 7 0; 1 >; L H > 5 2; 8 O = 8 5 = 0 5 3 > C G 5 = 8: > 2, A 0 < K < 8 8 7 2 5 A B = K < 8 8 7: > B > @ K E 1 K; 8; L 1 0 = 5 @ 3, 0 2 B > @ > @ 8 3 8 = 0; L = > 9 >? 5 @ K ｫ > F F 5: ｻ, 8 = B > = D > = 5 1 5 @ =,? 8 A 0 2 H 8 9 0 D > @ 8 A B 8 G 5 A: 8 5? L 5 A K, 8 < 5 2 H 8 5 > 3 @ > < = > 5 7 = 0 G 5 = 8 5? > A; 5 2 > 9 = K.
100 %
(Q = 1 5 @ 3 = 8: > 3 4 0 = 5? @ 8 = 0 4; 5 6 0;: 2 5 = A: > 9 < C 7 K: 0; L = > 9 2 5 @ E C H: 5, = > > A = > 2 0; ‑ 1 I 5 A B 2 > G 0 A B = > 3 > 8 A? >; = 5 = 8 O < C 7 K: 8,: > B > @ > 5 C A - ^ B @ 0 8 2 0; >? @ 5 < L 5 @ K < = > 3 8 E: @ C? = K E? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 9 B > 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8, 8? @ 5 4; > 6 8; > A > 1 K 9 < 5 B > 4 2 = 5 4 @ 5 = 8 O = > 2 > 9 < C 7 K: 8 = 5 7 0 2 8 A 8 < > > B: > < < 5 @ G 5 A: 8 E: > = F 5 @ B > 2. ‑ 1 I 5 A B 2 > A B 0; >? @ > 2 > 7 2 5 A B = 8: > < < = > 3 > G 8 A; 5 = = K E A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = K E: 0 < 5 @ = K E 3 @ C??,: > B > @ K 5 3 > A? > 4 A B 2 > 2 0; 8 2 C = 8 2 5 @ A 8 B 5 B 0 E? > 2 A 5 < C A 2 5 B C 1 >; 5 5 A > @ >: 0; 5 B. > A; 5? @ 8 E > 4 0 = 0 F 8 A B > 2 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 1 5 6 0; 2! (, > 1 > A = > 2 0; A O = 0 0? 0 4 = > <? > 1 5 @ 5 6 L 5, 3 4 5 4 0 2 0; G 0 A B = K 5 C @ >: 8, G B > 1 K A > 4 5 @ 6 0 B L A 5 < L N. ‑ =? @ > 1 > 2 0;? 8 A 0 B L < C 7 K: C 4; O D 8; L < > 2 = >? > B 5 @? 5; = 5 C 4 0 G C, 7 0 B 5 <? @ 5? > 4 0 2 0; 2 0; 8 D > @ = 8 9 A: > < C = 8 2 5 @ A 8 B 5 B 5 2 > A - = 4 6 5; 5 A 5.
; 8 O = 8 5 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0 @ 0 A? @ > A B @ 0 = 8; > A L 8 = 0 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: 8 E: > <? > 7 8 B > @ > 2, C 2 8 4 5 2 H 8 E 2 5 3 > A B 8; 5 8 4 5 0; L = K 9 > 1 @ 0 7 5 F 4; O? > 4 @ 0 6 0 = 8 O. 1950-E 8 1960-E 3 3.: > <? > 7 8 B > @ K? K B 0; 8 A L > E 2 0 B 8 B L @ 5 2 >; N F 8 5 9 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0 2 A 5 0 A? 5: B K < C 7 K: 8. = > 3 8 5? >; 0 3 0; 8, G B > C < 5 = 8 5 > @ 3 0 = 8 7 > 2 0 B L: 0 6 4 K 9 7 2 C:, > B B 5 = >:, B 5 < 1 @ 8 @ 8 B < 2 8 4 5 0; L = > < 5 4 8 = A B 2 5 < > 6 5 B 1 K B L 4 > A B 8 3 = C B > B >; L: > G 5 @ 5 7; > 3 8: C 8 = 0 C G = K 9 0 = 0; 8 7. @ C 3 8 5, A B 0 @ 0 2 H 8 5 A O? 8 A 0 B L 1 >; 5 5; 8 @ 8 G = C N < C 7 K: C,? > 4 2 5 @ 3 0; 8 A L = 0? 0 4: 0 < A > A B > @ > = K 0: 0 4 5 < 8 G 5 A: 8 E? > A; 5 4 > 2 0 B 5; 5 9 /(Q = 1 5 @ 3 0: 0: > E > B = 8: 8 7 0 < 0; > 3 @ 0 < > B = > 9 0 C 4 8 B > @ 8 5 9, 0?; > 4 8 @ C N I 5 9 4 5 H 5 2 K < M A B @ 0 4 = K < < 5; > 4 8 O <. # A B 0 = > 2 8; A O A 2 > 5 > 1 @ 0 7 = K 9: C; L B C @ = K 9 B > B 0; 8 B 0 @ 8 7 <, 8 7 >; 8 @ > 2 0 2 H 8 9 0 C 4 8 B > @ 8 8 > B = > 2 > 9 < C 7 K: 8 8? @ 5 2 @ 0 B 8 2 H 8 9: > = F 5 @ B = K 5 7 0; K A: > @ 5 5 2 < C 7 5 8, = 5 6 5; 8 2 B 5 0 B @ K.
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| 2 >; L A B 2 > 2 0 B L A O 2 5 @ > 9 2 B >, G B >: @ 0 A 8 2 > 5 8 5 A B L > 6 8 4 0 5 < > 5.
- , .
(1858-1917)
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
@ 5 4; > 6 5 = = K 5 N @: 3 5 9 < > < B 5 > @ 8 8 ｫ: >;; 5: B 8 2 = > 3 > A > 7 = 0 = 8 O ｻ >: 0 7 0; 8 A L 2 5 A L < 0 2; 8 O B 5; L = K < 8. ‑ = > 1 @ 0 B 8; 2 = 8 < 0 = 8 5 = 0 B >, G B > 8 4 5 8 G 0 A B > A > 7 4 0 N B A O < = > 3 8 < 8 8 1; 0 3 > 4 0 @ O 8 E > 1 I 5 < C B 2 > @ G 5 A B 2 C A B 0 = > 2 O B A O C 1 5 4 8 B 5; L = K -
= > 3 8 5 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0 = 8 O N @ - ^; H 8 < "!^^^...
C 2; 5 G 5 = 8 5 < > @ 0; L N. A? K B K 2 0 O = 0 A 5 1 5 A 8; L = > 5 2; 8 O = 8 5
@ 0 7 @ 0 1 > B 0 = = K E < < 0 = C 8; > < 0 = B > < B 5 > @ 8 9 < > @ 0; L = > 3 > 4 >; 3 0 (8 @ 5 0 3 8 @ C O, 1 K B L < > 6 5 B, = 0 3 > @ L: 8 5 A > 1 K B 8 O A 2 > 5 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8), N @: 3 5 9 <? K B 0; A O? > = O B L,: 0: < > 3 C B 8 7 < 5 = 8 B L A O > 1 I 5 A B 2 0 = 0 A; C 6 1 5 A? @ 0 2 5 4; 8 2 > A B 8. ‑ = C B 2 5 @ 6 4 0;, G B > = 0 @ > 4 K, 6 8 2 C I 8 5 A @ 5 4 8 = 0 @ > 4 > 2, 4 >; 6 = K 8 < 5 B L? @ 5 4 A B 0 2; 5 = 8 5 8? > = 8 < 0 = 8 5 > G 5; > 2 5 G = > A B 8 = 5 B >; L: > 2 > B = > H 5 = 8 8: A 5 1 5, = >
100 % !
- , .
8: 4 @ C 3 8 < > 1 I 5 A B 2 0 <. " 0: > 9; 8 1 5 @ 0; L = K 9 3 C < 0 = 8 7 < 2 E > 4 8 B 2? @ > -| B 8 2 > @ 5 G 8 5 A G 0 A B > = 5? @ 0 2 8; L = >? > = O B K < 8 < 8 4 6 5 < N @: 3 5 9 < 0: 0: 0 3 5 = B 0: > = A 5 @ 2 0 B 8 7 < 0.
" @ C 4 2 A 5 9 5 3 > 6 8 7 = 8 1 K; A > A @ 5 4 > B > G 5 = = 0 B > <,: 0: 8 < > 1 @ 0 7 > <! > 1 I 5 A B 2 > 8; 8 G = > A B 8: > = B @ >; 8 @ C N B A 2 > 8 4 5 9 A B 2 8 O (8; 8 >: 0 7 K 2 0 N B A O!: > = B @ >; 8 @ C 5 < K < 8). @ 8 8 7 C G 5 = 8 8 A 0 < > C 1 8 9 A B 2 0, 0 2 A B @ 0; 8 9 A: 8 E 0 1 > -1 @ 8 3 5 = > 2, < 5 B > 4 > 2 2 > A? 8 B 0 = 8 O, < > @ 0; 8,? @ 0 2 0 8; 8 @ 5; 8 3 8 8 N @: 3 5 9 < | 2: 0 6 4 > < A; C G 0 5 8 A: 0;? @ 8 < 8 @ 5 = 8 O 8 A 8 = B 5 7 0. 0: < > 6 5 B G 5; > 2 5! 1 K B L A 2 > 1 > 4 = K <? 5 @ 5 4; 8 F > < 2; 0 A B 8? @ 5? O B A B 2 C 5 B; 8 B @ 0 4 8 I 2 K 1 > @ C? " 0: > 2 K 1 K; 8 2 0 6 = K 5 2 >? @ > A K, 2? 5 @ 2 K 5? > A B 0 2; 5 = = K 5 N @ -|: 3 5 9 < > < 2 A > F 8 >; > 3 8 G 5 A: > <: > = B 5: A B 5.
N @: 3 5 9 < A G 8 B 0; A > F 8 >; > 3 8 N? @ > 4 C: B > < 8 A B > @ 8 8. A B 5 A B 2 5 = = K 5 = 0 C: 8 > 1 5 A? 5 G 8; 8 D 8; > A > D > 2 @ 0 F 8 > = 0; L = K < 8 A @ 5 4 A B 2 0 < 8 < 8 @ >? > -| = 8 < 0 = 8 O. #? 0 4 >: < > = 0 @ E 8 8 8? > 4 J 5 < 4 5 < >: @ 0 B 8 G 5 A: 8 E @ 5 6 8 < > 2 > 1 C A; > 2 8; 8: @ 8 7 8 A 8 @ 0 4 8: 0; L = > 5 8 7 < 5 = 5 = 8 5 A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = > 3 > > 1 I 5 A B 2 0. - B > 8 7 < 5 = 5 = 8 5 < > 6 = > 8 7 C G 0 B L A? > < > I L N = 0 C G = > 3 > 0 = 0; 8 7 0.| N @: 3 5 9 < 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0;? @ 8 G 8 = K: @ C H 5 = 8 O A B 0 @ > 3 >? > @ O 4: 0 8 @ 0 A I = > 2 > 3 >.
3 > D 8; > A > D 8 N > 1 I 5 A B 2 5 = = K E? 5 @ 5 < 5 = = 5: > B > @ > 5 A G 8 B 0; 8 I 1; 5 < 0 B 8 G = > 9. 4 5 8 N @: 3 5 9 < 0 = 5; 5 3: > >? @ 5 4 5; 8 B L 8 = 5? @ > A B >? 5 @ 5 2 5 A B 8. ‑ = 8 3 = > @ 8 @ > 2 0; B @ C 4 K 0 @; 0 0 @: A 0, 8 A? K B K 2 0 O,? > -2 8 4 8 < > < C, C 6 0 A > B: > < < C = 8 A B 8 G 5 A: 8 E? @ 5 4 A B 0 2; 5 = 8 9 > 6 5 A B >: > <:; 0 A A > 2 > <: > = D; 8: B 5.
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