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(1885-1957)
& C: > @, 0 M <; 5, >; 4 2 8 =, > =, " 0; 1 5 @ 3, > 5 2, $ >: A, 0 A: 8,ｻ (5 =:, 5 8 @ 2 > B 8 < 5 = 0 = 5: > B > @ K E 5 2 @ 5 5 2, A > 7 4 0 2 0 2 H 8 E 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = -* A: C N: 8 = >? @ > < K H; 5 = = > A B L. 7 = 8 E = 0 8 1 >; L H 5 5 2; 8 O = 8 5 = 0: C;! B C @ C! (8 < 8 @ 0 >: 0 7 0; C 8 A . 5 8 @, 4 8 @ 5: B > @ 6 5 < G C 6 8 = K: 8 = > A B C 4 8 9 ｫ 5 B @ > - > 4 F 2 8 = - 5 8 @ ｻ ^ - - ).
- = 5 @ 3 8 G = K 9 2 > 2 A 5 E A 2 > 8 E = 0 G 8 = 0 = 8 O E,? 0 B @ 8 > B 4 > < > 7 3 0: > A B 5 9 ^ E > @ > H 8 9 > B 5 F, = 5 C < 5 @ 5 = = K 9 2 A 2 > 8 E A B @ 0 A B O E 2; N 1 2 8 8 = 5 = 0 2 8 * A B 0, 5 8 @ @ C: > 2 > 4 8; A B C 4 8 5 9,: 0: 1 >; L H > 9 A 5 < L 5 9, 2: > B > @ > 9 > = 1 * 1 5 7 C < = >; N 1 O I 8 <, 2; 0 A B = K < 8 2 5 7 4 5 A C I 8 < >; L H 8 < 0? > 9.
> 4 8 2 H 8 A L 2 > A A 8 8 8 = 5 7 = 0 O B > G = > A 2 > 5 3 > 4 = O @ > 6 4 5 = 8 O (? A 4 > 1 = > < = > 3 8 <? 5 @ 5 A 5; 5 = F 0 < 8 7 > A B > G = > 9 2 @ >? K), 5 8 @ > B < 5 G 3 5 6 5 3 > 4 = > 4 8 N; O: 0: A 2 > 9 3; 0 2 = K 9? @ 0 7 4 = 8:. > 4 4 5 @ 6 8 2 0 O? > 7! F 8 8? @ 0 2 > 3 >: @ K; 0 @ 5 A? C 1; 8: 0 = A: > 9? 0 @ B 8 8 8 B 0: 8 E 5 3 >? @ 5 4 A B 0 2 8 | B 5; 5 9,: 0: # 8; L O < M = 4 >; D % 5 @ A B 8 A 5 = 0 B > @ 6 > 7 5 D 0:: 0 @ B 8, 5!? > 4 3 > B > 2 8;? >; 8 B 8 G 5 A: C N A F 5 = C 2 >;; 8 2 C 4 5 1950-E 3 3. 4; O; 5 = 8 O G 5 @ = K E A? 8 A: > 2? > 4 > 7 @ 5 2 0 5 < K E 2 A > G C 2 A B 2 8 8: > < < C = 8 A B 0 <.
@ 0 9 = 8 5 2 7 3; O 4 K 5 8 @ 0 > 1 C A; > 2 8; 8 < 8 @ > 2 > 7 7 @ 5 = 8 5, A > 3; 0 A = >: A B > @ > < C < C 6 G 8 = K 8 6 5 = I 8 = K; 8 1 > 8 4 5 0; 8 7 8 @ > 2 0; 8 A L 8? > 4 = 8 < 0; 8 A = 0 3 >; > 2 >: @ C 6 8 B 5; L = C N 2 K A > B C? > 4 > 1 = > 5 3 > A C? 5 @ 7 2 5 7 4 5 @ 5 B 5 0 { 1 >,; 8 1 >? @ 5 4 A B 0 2 0; 8? @ > A B 5 F: 8 < 8 6 8 B 5; O < 8 7 0 H B 0 B = > 3 > 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A *: > 3 > 3 > @ > 4: 0 2 @ > 4 5 N = > 3 > 8: 8 C = 8. ｫ..ｻ : 0:,; N 1 O, = 0 7 K 2 0 |; 8 5 8 @ 0 2 - - ? > B 5 @ O; < 0 B L 2 @ 0 = = 5 < 2 > 7 @ 0 A B 5. > 3 > 2 0 @ 8 | 2 0; 8, G B > 5 3 > A B @ 5 <; 5 = 8 5 8 7 > 1 @ 0 6 0 B L 2 A 2 > 8 E D 8; L < 0 E G C 2 A B 2 8 B 5; K = 8 7 0 1 > B; 8 2 K E < 0 < 0 H > 1 J O A = O; > A L A < 5 @ B L N! 0 @ K 5 8 @: 0: @ 0 7 2 < > < 5 = B,: > 3 4 0 > = 1 >; L H 5 2 A 5 3 > = C 6 4 0; A O 2 = 5 9. > A; > 2 0 < 5! 0 1; 5 @ 0, 5 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 5 8 < < 8 3 @ 0 = B K, 2 > 7 3; 0 2 8 2 H 8 5: @ C? = K 5 A B C 4 8 8, = | B >; L: > ｫ8 7 > 1 @ 5; 8 >;; 8 2 C 4 ｻ. I 5 4 >? @ >? 0 3 0 = 4 K ｫA 5 < 5 9 = K E F 5 = B A B 5 9 ｻ? >; 8 B 8: 8 = > 2 > 3 >? >: >; 5 = 8 O G 5 @ 5 7 D 8; L < K - - ? > < >? 8 A > 7 4 0 B L C B >? 8 G 5 A: 8 9 > 1 @ 0 7 4 > < 0 H = 5 3 > > G 0 3 0 2 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 9 = 0 F 8 A = 0; L = > 9? A 8 E >; > 3 8 8. /3
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
? >; C G 5 = = C N? @ 8 1 K; L? @ 8 > 1 @ 5; 4 @ C 3 8 5 < 5 A B = K 5 B 5 0 B @ K. A: > @ 5 5 3 > A 5 B L: 8 = > B 5 0 B @ > 2 4 0 2 0; 0 B 0: C N? @ 8 1 K; L, G B > > = A < > 3 A B 0 B L: 8 = >? @ >: 0 B G 8: > <. @ 8 > 1 @ 5 B O 2 1915 3.? @ 0 2 0 = 0? @ >: 0 B 2 > 2 > 9 = 3; 8 8 D 8; L < 0 .#. @ 8 D D 8 B 0 ｫ > 6 4 5 = 8 5 = 0 F 8 8 ｻ, 5 8 @ A B 0; 1 >; L H 8 < G 5; > 2 5: > <, 7 0 @ 0 1 > B 0 2 2 4 5 A O B L @ 0 7 1 >; L H 5, G 5 < 2; > 6 8;? 5 @ 2 > = 0 G 0; L = >. " > B? 5 @ 2 K 9: >; > A A 0; L = K 9 C A? 5 E 2: 8 = >? @ >: 0 B 5 > 1 5 A? 5 G 8; 5 3 > D 8 = 0 = A > 2 > 9 1 0 7 > 9 A = 0 G 0; 0 4; O? > A B 0 = > 2: 8 B 5 0 B @ 0; L = K E A? 5: B 0:; 5 9, 0 7 0 B 5 < 8 4; O? 5 @ 5 5 7 4 0 = 0 7 0? 0 4, 2 > A - = 4 6 5; 5 A, 4; O? @ > 8 7 2 > 4 A B 2 0 D 8; L < > 2.
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
5 @ 2 0 O: 8 = > 7 2 5 7 4 0 5 8 @ 0 = 8 B 0! B N 0 @ B A = 8 < 0; 0 A L 2 @ > < 0 = B 8 G 5 A: 8 E D 8; L < 0 E,: > B > @ K 5? @ 8 2; 5:; 8 2 = 8 < 0 = 8 5: = 5 1 >; L H > 9: 8 = > -
100 % !
: > <? 0 = 8 8 5 8 @ 0 ｫ 5 B @ >? 8: G 5 @ A ｻ. 1924 3.: @ C? = K 9: 8 = >? @ >: 0 B ^ G 8: 0 @: C A > 5 2? @ 8 > 1 @ 5; ｫ 5 B @ > ｻ, 8 5 8 @ A B 0; 8 A? >; = 8 B 5; L = K * 2 8 F 5 -? @ 5 7 8 4 5 = B > <: > <? 0 = 8 8. 0 B 5 < ｫ 5 B @ > ｻ A; 8; > A L A ｫ >; 4 2 H? 8: G 5 @ A ｻ (= 0 7 2 0 = = > 9? > 8 < 5 = 8 5 5 > A = > 2 0 B 5; O 8 1 K 2 H 5 3 > E > 7 O 8 = 0 < N M; 0 >; 4 2 8 = 0, = 0 A B > O I 0 O D 0 < 8; 8 O: > B > @ > 3 > 1 K; 0 >; 4 D 8 H ^ 1926 3.: > <? 0 = 8 O A B 0; 0 = 0 7 K 2 0 B L A O ｫ 5 B @ > - >; 4 2 8 = - 5 8 @ ｻ, <8 H E >; 5 4 = 8 9 A B 0; 5 5 3; 0 2 = K < @ 0 A? > @ O 4 8 B 5; 5 <.
! B C 4 8 O 8 7 1 @ 0; 0 A 2 > 9 4 5 2 8 7: ｫ 3 A! 3 0 9 0 3 8 7 ｻ, B.5. ｫ A: C A A B 2 > @ 0 8 A: C A A B 2 0 ｻ. 0 G 5 A B 2 5 = = K 5 D 8; L < K A C G 0 A B 8 5 < B 0: 8 E 7 2 5 7 4,: 0: @ 5 -1 B 0 0 @ 1 >,; 0 @: 5 9 1;, 6 > 0 = @ > D > @ 4, > 1 5 @ B " 5 9; > @, # 8; L O < 0 -C M;;, 6 8 = % 0 @; > C, 8 @ = 0 > 9, 5; 2 8 = C 3; 0 A 8 0: B 5 @ 8 7 0: B 5 @ > 2!? 5 = A 5 @ " @ 5 9 A 8 (> A > 1 5 = = > 2 D 8; L < 0 E = 0 9 4 5 = = > 3 > 5 8 @ > < 2 C = 4 5 3: 8 = 4 0 @ 2 8 = 3 0 " 0; 1, @ 3 0, A B 0 2 H 5 3 >? @ > B > B 8? > < 4; O ｫ > A; 5 4 = 5 3 < 0 3 = 0 B 0 ｻ $.!: > B B 0 $ 8 F 4 6 5 @ 0; L 4 0), 7 0 A; C 6 8; 8 2 K A >: C N > F 5 =: C:: -> = > 7 @ 8 B 5; 5 9. 1940 8 1950-E ｻ 3 3. C 4 8 2 8 B 5; L = K 5 < N 7 8:; K - - ? 5 @ 5 2 5; 8 1 @ > 4 2 5 9 A: 8 5 B 5 0 B @ 0; L = K 5? > A B 0 = > 2: 8 2 C = 8: 0; L = K 5: 8 = 5 < 0 -) B > 3 @ 0 D 8 G 5 A: 8 5: > <? > 7 8 F 8 8 7 2 C: 0, B 0 = F 0 8 F 2 5 B 0. 0 6 5 G 0 A B = 0 O 6 8 7 = L 5 8 @ 0 > B @ 0 7 8; 0 A L 2 8 A B > @ 8 8: 8 = >. 3 > 4 > G L - 4 8 B 2 K H; 0 7 0 < C 6 M 2 8 4 0 ‑.! 5; 7 = 8: 0, A K = 0 1 K 2 H 5 3 > @ 0 1 > B > 4 0 B 5; O,. L N 8 A 0! 5; -7 = 8: 0 8 A > 7 4 0 B 5; O A 0 < > 3 > 2 K 4 0 N I 5 3 > A O D 8; L < 0 ｫ# = 5 A 5 = = K 5 2 5 B @ > < ｻｻ)
>;; 8 2 C 4 5 8 @ 0? @ > 4 5 < > = A B @ 8 @ > 2 0; < 8 @ C 2? @ > A B K E 8 4 > E > 4 G 8 2 K E > 1 @ 0 7 0 E 3; 0 2 5 = A B 2 > 4 > < 0 H = 5 3 > > G 0 3 0 2 A > 7 4 0 = 8 8 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 9: C; L B C @ K 8 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: 8 E F 5 = = > A B 5 9. > M B > B 4 > < 0 H = 8 9 > G 0 3 1 L 8 4 5 0; 8 7 8 @ > 2 0 = 2 4 C E 5 B > 3 >? @ 5 4? > G B 5 = 8 O,: > B > @ > 5 0 @: " 2 5 = >: 0 -? 7 K 2 0; " > < C! > 9 5 @ C? 5 @ 5 4 5:; L 1 5 @ @ 8 $ 8 = = > <.
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(>:. 1075 1141)
$ 8; > A > D 8? > M B 5 3 C 4 0 0; 5 2 8 = 0 7 K 2 0; A 5 1 O 0 @ D > 9 4; O 2 A 5 E? 5 A 5 =! 8 > = 0. 8 2 O 2 1 C @ = > 9 A @ 5 4 = 5 2 5: > 2 > 9 A? 0 = 8 8, 0; 5 2 8 A B 0; 2 5; 8 G 0 9 H 8 <? > M B > < >; > B > 3 > : 0: A G 8 B 0 5 B A O A 5 3 > 4 = O 2 5: 0 8 A? 0 = A: > 3 > 5 2 @ 5 9 A B 2 0. 3 > ｫ 5 A = 8! 8 > = 0 ｻ 8 D 8; > A > D A: 8 9 B @ C 4 ｫ C -7 0 @ 8:: = 8 3 0 4 >: 0 7 0 B 5; L A B 2 2 7 0 I 8 B C? @ 5 7 8 @ 0 5 < > 9 @ 5; 8 3 8 8 ｻ (= K = 5 8 7 2 5 A B = 0 O: 0: ｫ = 8 3 0 E 0 7 0 @ ｻ)? @ > 4 >; 6 0 N B >: 0 7 K 2 0 B L 2; 8 O = 8 5 = 0 5 2 @ 5 9 A: C N 8, 2 G 0 A B = > A B 8, 8 7 @ 0 8; L A: C N < K A; L. > A; 5 F 0 @ O! >; > < > = 0 8 8 A? 0 = A: > 3 > @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = > 3 >? > M B 0 8 D 8; > A > D 0! >; > < > = 0 8 1 = 5 1 8 -@ >; O, 7 0 4 >; 3 > 4 > 5 = @ 8 E 0 5 9 = 5 8 0 @ A 5; O @ C A B 0 0; 5 2 8 1 K;,? > 6 0; C 9, A 0 < K <: @ C? = K < 8 7 5 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 E; 8 B 5 @ 0 B > @ > 2.
> 4 8 = = 0 4 F 0 B > < 8 4 2 5 = 0 4 F 0 B > < 2 5: 0 E A? 0 = 8 O C 2 O 7; 0 2: @ > 2 0 2 K E @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = K E 2 > 9 = 0 E. % @ 8 A B 8 0 = A: 8 5 0 @ < 8 8 < 5 4; 5 = = >? @ >:; 0 4 K 2 0; 8 A 5 1 5? C B L = 0 N 3, 0 < C A C; L < 0 = A: 8 5 2 > 9 A: 0? > 4: > < 0 = 4 > 2 0 = 8 5 < D 0 = 0 B 8 G = K E; L < > E 0 4 > 2 8 7 D @ 8: 8 @ 2 0; 8 A L = 0 A 5 2 5 @, 2 K = C 6 4 0 O 7 0 A B 8 3 = C B K E < 5 6 4 C = 8 < 8 5 2 @ 5 5 2 2 K 1 8 @ 0 B L > 1 @ 0 I 5 = 8 5, M < 8 3 @ 0 F 8 N 8; 8 A < 5 @ B L. > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8 @ > 6 4 5 = 8 O 0; 5 2 8 " >; 5 4 > 1 K; 7 0 E 2 0 G 5 = E @ 8 A B 8 0 = 0 < 8. 0? @ > B O 6 5 = 8 8 2 A 5 9 5 3 > 6 8 7 = 8 A? 0 = 8 N @ 0 7 4 8 @ 0; 8 2 = 5 7 0? = K 5 A < 5 = K 2; 0 A B 8: A 5 3 > 4 = O 3 > @ > 6 0 = 5 < > 3; > @ C: > 2 > 4 A B 2 > 2 0 B L A O 7 0? > 2 5 4 O < 8 @ > @ >: 0, 7 0 2 B @ 0 2 0 = 3 5; 8 5 < % @ 8 A B > 2 K <.
B 0: > 9 = 5 A? >: > 9 = > 9 > 1 A B 0 = > 2: 5 0; 5 2 8 A > G 8 = 8; 1 >; 5 5 2 > A L < 8 A > B? > M <. 3 > A N 6 5 B K 1 K; 8 > 1 K G = K < 8 4; O? > M 7 8 8 8 A? 0 = A: 8 E 5 2 @ 5 5 2:; N 1 > 2 L,?; 0 G,; 8 @ 8 7 <, 1; 0 3 > G 5 A B 8 5 8! 8 > =. A? >; = 5 = = K 5 = 5 > 1 K G 0 9 = > 9 6 8 2 > A B 8, 1 > 3 0 B A B 2 > < > 1 @ 0 7 > 2 8 A 8; > 9, > = 8 A B 0; 8 6 5 < G C 6 8 = 0 < 8 5 2 @ >? 5 9 A: > 9; 8 B 5 @ 0 B C @ K.
> A; 5 = 5 4 >; 3 > 3 >? @ 5 1 K 2 0 = 8 O 2 @ 0 = 0 4 5 0; 5 2 8 1 @ > 4 8; 4 2 0 4 F 0 B L; 5 B? > A B @ 0 = 5 (G 0 A B > 2 A >? @ > 2 > 6 4 5 = 8 8 A 2 > 5 3 > 4 @ C 3 0,? 8 A 0 B 5; O 2 @ 0 0 < 0 8 1 = - 7 @ K). 3 >? C B 5 H 5 A B 2 8 O 2: 0 G 5 A B 2 5 G C 6 0: 0 2 G C 6 > 9 A B @ 0 = 5 >? 8 A 0 = K 2 5 3 >? > M B 8 G 5 A: 8 E? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 O E, > B @ 0 6 0 2 H 8 E A B @ 5 <; 5 = 8 5 2 5 @ = C B L A O 2 @ > 4 = > 9 7 @ 0 8; L. ‑ = A G 8 B 0;, G B > = 8 3 4 5 2 4 8 0 A? > @ 5 5 2 @ 5 8 = 5 < > 3 C B G C 2 A B 2 > 2 0 B L A 5 1 O 2 1 5 7 >? 0 A = > A B 8, 8? @ >? > 2 5 4 > 2 0; = 5 -
N > % !
< 5 4; 5 = = > 5 2 > 7 2 @ 0 I 5 = 8 5 2! 2 O B C N 7 5 <; N. A; 8 5 2 @ 5 8 = 5 1 K; 8 7 0 I 8 -1 I 5 = K 2 A; 0 2 = > 9 A? 0 = 8 8? > A; 5 A 2 > 5 3 > < = > 3 > 2 5: > 2 > 3 >? @ > F 2 5 B 0 = 8 O! (A @ 0 2 = 8 < > 3 > 2 > < = > 3 8 E > B = > H 5 = 8 O E A C A? 5 E > < 5 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 E > 1 I 8 = 2 | 5 @ < 0 = 8 8 4 5 2 O B = 0 4 F 0 B > 3 > 2 5: 0 8 2 = K = 5 H = 5 9 < 5 @ 8: 5), = 5 A < > B @ O | = 0 A 2 > N > B = > A 8 B 5; L = C N < 0; > G 8 A; 5 = = > A B L, 7 = 0 G 8 B, 8 < 3 @ > 7 8; 0 >? 0 A -| = > A B L 2 5 7 4 5,: @ > < 5 7 @ 0 8; O. 3 >? @ 8 7 K 2 K: > 7 2 @ 0 I 5 = 8 N A 4 5; 0; 8! 5 3 >? 5 @ 2 K <: @ C? = K < A 8 > = 8 A B > <. > M < K >! 8 > = 5 > 1 = 0 6 8; 8 1 >; L 8 | < 5 G B K 0; 5 2 8. 8 7 = L 2 A? 0 = 8 8? @ 5 2 @ 0 I 0; 0 5 2 @ 5 5 2 2 @ 0 1 > 2 8? @ 5 -| 4 0 B 5; 5 9 > 3 0. = C B @ 5 = = O O A 2 > 1 > 4 0 8 A? 0 A 5 = 8 5 < > 3 C B 1 K B L > 1 @ 5 B 5 = K | B >; L: > 2 @ 5 7 C; L B 0 B 5 M < 8 3 @ 0 F 8 8 = 0 A 2 > N @ > 4 8 = C.
! 2 > 8 N = K 5 3 > 4 K 0; 5 2 8? @ > 2 5; 2 > @ 4 > 2 5, 7 0 = 8 < 0 O A L 8 A: C A A B 2 5 = 8 C 2; 5: 0 O A L 6 5 = I 8 = 0 < 8. - B > < C A G 0 A B; 8 2 > < C? 5 @ 8 > 4 C? > A 2 O I 5 = K 5 3 E 2 0; 5 1 = K 5? 5 A = 8; N 1 2 8 8 2 8 = C, > = 8 > A B 0 N B A O = 0 8 1 >; 5 5 F 8 B 8 @ C 5 < K -1 < 8 8 7 5 3 > A > G 8 = 5 = 8 9. > 6 4 5 = = K 5 > B 3 > A? > 4 A B 2 > 2 0 2 H 8 E 2 A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = -1 = > 9 5 < C 0 @ 0 1 A: > 9? > M 7 8 8 D > @ <, M B 8 M @ > B 8 G 5 A: 8 5 A B 8 E 8 > B; 8 G 0 N B A O! < 5; > 4 8 G = > 1 > 3 0 B > 9 8 3 @ > 9 A; > 2 8 5 A B 5 A B 2 5 = = > 9 > 1 @ 0 7 = > A B L N.
‑ = B 0: 6 5 A > G 8 = 8; >: >; > 4 2 C E A > B? 0 = 5 3 8 @ 8: > 2 2 G 5 A B L 2 L ^4 0 N I 8 E -1 A O; N 4 5 9 A 2 > 5 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8, 8 7; > 6 5 = = K E 2 > 7 2 K H 5 = = K < 8; 0 A: 0 N I 8 < A; C E O 7 K: > <. = B 5;; 5: B 8 G C 2 A B 2 > 2 5 3 >? > M 7 8 8 A?; 5; 8 A L 2? > M B 8 -| G 5 A: 8 E > 1 J O B 8 O E.
" @ 8 A B 0? O B L 4 5 A O B ｫ@ 3 C C 8 B ｻ, 8; 8 @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = K E? > M < 0; 5 2 8, 2 > A -|? 5 2 0; 8 5 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 5? @ 0 7 4 = 8: 8, @ 5 2 = > A B = > 5 A; C 6 5 = 8 5 > 3 C, > A > 1 5 < 5 A B > 8 C 4 0 8 7 < 0 2 F 8 2 8; 8 7 0 F 8 8, 5 3 >? @ 5 2 > A E > 4 A B 2 > 8 > 4 8 = > G 5 A B 2 >, B 0: 6 5 B @ 0 3 5 4 8 N @ 0 7; C: 8 8 B 5 @ 7 0 N I 5 5 4 C H C A B @ 5 <; 5 = 8 5: A? 0 A 5 = 8 8 2! 2 O B > 9 7 5 <; 5.
4 8 = A B 2 5 = = K 9 D 8; > A > D A: 8 9 B @ C 4 0; 5 2 8 ｫ = 8 3 0 E 0 7 0 @ > 2 ｻ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ｫ% 0 7 0 @ K ｻ (: 1 >; 5 5 H 8 @ >: > 8 7 2 5 A B 5 = M B > B B @ C 4) >: 0 7 0; 8 > 3 @ > < = > 5 2; 8 O = 8 5 = 0 @ 5 9 A: 8 E < K A; 8 B 5; 5 9 > B? @ 8 2 5 @ 6 5 = F 5 2: 0 1 0; 8 A B 8: 8 8 E 0 A 8 4 A: 8 O C G 8 B 5; 5 9 4 > B 0: 8 E D 8; > A > D > 2 XX 2.,: 0: $ @ 0 = F > 7 5 = F 2 5 9 3 8 @ 0 < F E 0: C:.
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(1740-1785)
‑ = C < 5 @ 1 5 7 3 @ > H 0 2: 0 @ < 0 = 5 2 2 > 7 @ 0 A B 5 A > @ >: 0? O B 8; 5 B. 5 A: >; L - ^: >; 5 B A? C A B O 5 3 > A K = % 0 8 < > 7 5 A C B 2 5 @ 6 4 0;, G B >? @ 0 2 8 B 5; L A B 2 > 7 0 - \ 4 >; 6 0; > 5 3 > A 5 < L 5. 4 5 9 A B 2 8 B 5; L = > A B 8, = 0 A B 0 8 2 0; % 0 8 < > 7 5 A, 5 3 >! > B 5 F > 4 >; 6 8; 3 5 = 5 @ 0; C 0 H 8 = 3 B > = C, 0 @ < 8 8 1 > @ F > 2 7 0 = 5 7 0 2 8 A 8 < > A B L! 8 = 5 A: >; L: 8 < ｫ> B F 0 < -> A = > 2 0 B 5; O < ｻ 1 >; 5 5 354 B K A O G 4 >;; 0 @ > 2, B.5. \ D 8 = 0 = A 8 @ > 2 0; = 0 4 5; 5 > 9 = C 7 0 = 5 7 0 2 8 A 8 < > A B L. @ 0 2 8 B 5; L A B 2 > |! (B 0: = 8: > 3 4 0 8 = 5? @ 8 7 = 0; > 8 A: 0! 0; > < > = 0.
, = > 3 8 5? @ 5 4 A B 0 2 8 B 5; 8 A 5 D 0 @ 4 A: > 9 > 1 I 8 = K 8 7 4 0 2 = 0 C B 2 5 @ 6 4 0 -|; 8, G B > 0: B 8 2 = K 9 C G 0 A B = 8: @ 5 2 >; N F 8 8 % 0 8 <! 0; > < > =? @ 8 = 0 4; 5 ~|
6 0; 8 < 5 = = >: 8 E > 1 I 8 = 5,| 8 1 > 6 5 = 8; A O = 0 6 5 = I 8 = 5 8 7 8 7 2 5 A B = > 9 8 C 2 0 6 0 5 < > 9 A 5 < L 8 A 5 D 0 @ 4 > 2? > D 0 < 8; 8 8 $ @ 0 =: 8 7 $ 8; 0 4 5; L D 8 8, H B 0 B 5 = A 8; L 2 0 = 8 O! 2 A 5 6 5 % 0 8 < 1 K; 0 H: 5 -| = 0 7 8 @ > 4 > < 8 7? >; L A: > 3 > ] @ > 4: 0 8 A A K.
@ C 3 0 O; 5 3 5 = 4 0 3; 0 A 8 B ^ G B >! 0; > < > = 1 K; A 2 > 5 3 @ > 4 0 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: 8 < H 8; L 4 > <, E > @ > H > @ 0 7 1 8 @ 0 2 H 8 < A O 2 D 8 = 0 = A > 2 K E E 8 B * @ > A?; 5 B 5 = 8 O E 5 2 @ >? 5 9 A: >! B > @ 3 > 2; 8. > 2 > @ O B, G B > D * = 0 = A 8 A B 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 9 5 2 1 > 4 K! 0; > < > = 1 K; 1 > 3 0 B: 0: 8 4 0 A. 4 5 9 A B 2 8 B 5; L = > A B 8 7 = 0 B >: 1 >; 5 5? >; C 4 * 6 8 = K O 7 K: > 2! 0; > < > = = 8 < 0; A O A = 0 G 0; 0 B > @ 3 > 2; 5!
< 0 = C D 0: B C @ > 9 2 L N - > @: 5, 7 0 B 5 < ? >? @ > A L 1 5 $ 8; 8? 0 (C 9; 5 -@ 0 ? > A B 0 2: 0 < 8 2 2 > 9 A: 0 = 0 A 5 2 5 @ 5 H B 0 B 0 1; 8 7 > 7 5 @ 0 6 > @ 4 6, 0? > 7 6 5? @ > 4 0 6 5 9 > 1; 8 3 0 F 8 9 2 > 5 = = > 3 > 7 0 9 < 0? >? > @ C G 5 = 8 N D 8; 0 4 5; L D 8 9 A: > 3 > D 8 = 0 = A 8 A B 0 > 1 5 @ B 0 > @ @ 8 A 0.
7 2 5 A B = > B 0: 6 5, G B >! 0; > < > =; 8 G = > > 4 0; 6 8 2 0; 4 5 = L 3 8 0 H 8 = 3 B > = C, 6 5 D D 5 @ A > = C, M 4 8 A > = C *, > = @ ' >**, M = 4 >; D C *** 8? >; L A: 8 < @ 5 2 >; N F 8 > = 5 @ 0 < > A B N H: > 8 C; 0 A: > < C, G 5 < A? 0 A 0; M B 8 E ｫ> B F > 2 -> A = > 2 0 B 5; 5 9 ｻ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
5 2 0 6 = >, 1 K;; 8 > = ｫ? @ > A B > < 0:; 5 @ > < ｻ, E > B L 8 = 5 > 1 K G = K <. 5 2 K 7 K 2 0 5 B A > < = 5 = 8 O B > B D 0: B, G B >! 0; > < > = 1 K;? 0 B @ 8 > B > <. I 5 4 > B > 3 >,: 0:? @ > 4 5 < > = A B @ 8 @ > 2 0 B L A 2 > 9? 0 B @ 8 > B 8 7 <: 0: D 8 = 0 = A 8 A B,! 0; > < > = 1 K; 0 @ 5 A B > 2 0 = 1 @ 8 B 0 = F 0 < 8: 0: H? 8 > = 7 0? >? K B: C? > 4 > @ 2 0 B L: > @ >; 5 2 A: 8 9 D; > B 2 3 0 2 0 = 8 L N - > @: 0, = >? > B > < 1 5 6 0; 8? >; C G 8; 4 > E > 4 = > 5 < 5 A B >? @ 8 > @ @ 8 A 5.
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ｫ 2 @ 5 9 A: 8 9 0 D 0 9 5 B ｻ 7 0 E @ 0 1 @ > A B L,? @ > O 2; 5 = = C N 8 < 2? >;: C C; 0 A: > 3 >.
" 5 < = 5 < 5 = 5 5,: > 3 4 0 @ 5 G L 7 0 E > 4 8 B > 5 2 @ 5 O E C G 0 A B = 8: 0 E < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 9 @ 5 2 >; N F 8 8,; N 4 8 G 0 I 5 2 A 5 3 > 2 A? > < 8 = 0 N B % 0 8 < 0! 0; > < > = 0, 8? > = O B = >,? > G 5 < C. C 4 C G 8 A 0 < K < C < 5; K < 1 @ >: 5 @ > < > 1 5 @ B 0 > @ @ 8 A 0 2? @ > 4 0 6 5? @ 0 2 8 B 5; L A B 2 5 = = K E F 5 = = K E 1 C < 0 3,! 0; > < > = A > -
* M 4 8 A > = 6 5 9 < A (1751 1836),? @ 5 7 8 4 5 = B! (2 1809 1817 3 3. ( @ 8 <. @ 5 4.) ** > = @ > 6 5 9 < A (1758-1831),? @ 5 7 8 4 5 = B! (2 1817-1825 3 3. ( @ 8 <. @ 5 4.) *** M = 4 >; D - 4 < C = 4 (1773 1833), 3 > A C 4 0 @ A B 2 5 = = K 9 A 5: @ 5 B 0 @ L! (2 1794 1795 3 3. ( @ 8 <. @ 5 4.) (
100 % !
1 8 @ 0; A: 0 7 > G = K 5 A C < < K 4; O 4 5; 0 @ 5 2 >; N F 8 8 A 1 >; L H > 9? @ 8 1 K; L ｻ 8 4; O A 5 1 O. > 3 > 2 0 @ 8 2 0; 8, G B > > = A B 0; A 0 < K < 1 > 3 0 B K < (? > A; 5 > @ @ 8 A 0) G 5; > 2 5: > < 2 1 > @ > 2 H 5 9 A O 7 0 A 2 > N = 5 7 0 2 8 A 8 < > A B L A B @ 0 = 5.! 0 -|; > < > = B > @ 3 > 2 0; = 5 B >; L: > F 5 = = K < 8 1 C < 0 3 0 < 8, = > 8 B > 2 0 @ 0 < 8. 3 B > @ 3 > 2 0 O A 5 B L 1 K; 0 A B >; L H 8 @ >: > 9, G B > > = A B 0;,? > 5 3 > A > 1 A B 2 5 = = K * A; > 2 0 <, ｫE > @ > H > 8 7 2 5 A B = K < 2: > < < 5 @ G 5 A: 8 E 4 5; 0 E! 5 2 5 @ = > 9 < 5 -| @ 8: 8 ｻ.
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
B > 7 = 0 5 B,? > 1 5 4 8; 1 K 0 H 8 = 3 B > = 2 2 > 9 = 5 1 5 7 7 0 9 < 0! 0; > < > = 0! / A = > 4 @ C 3 > 5: % 0 8 <! 0; > < > =, = 0 7 K 2 0 2 H 8 9 A 5 1 O 1 @ >: 5 @ > 2 D 8 = 0 = A > -{ 2 > 3 > 2 5 4 > < A B 2 0, >: 0 7 0; A O ｫ? >; 5 7 = K < 4; O > 1 I 5 A B 2 5 = = K E 4 5; ｻ 2 < A < 5 = B > B G 0 O = = > 9 = C 6 4 K 2 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 9 8 A B > @ 8 8. V
Дата добавления: 2015-08-29; просмотров: 22 | Нарушение авторских прав
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