4. Why is the USA often called a melting pot?
5. When was the U. S. independence proclaimed?
6. What is the nickname of the U.S. flag?
7. How many states are there in the country?
8. What are the largest cities in the USA?
9. Why did Detroit, Michigan and Minsk, Belarus establish a sister-city programme?
10. What is the U.S. economy like?
11. What large U.S. companies do you know?
12. What are the major political parties of the USA?
13. What are their symbols?
14. How often and when are the U.S. presidential elections held?
15. Why is the USA called a country of opportunities?
Read the text.
§ 1. Throughout the year, the advertisements scream from the pages of the teenage, educational and women’s magazines all across America - ‘Lost: 8,000 pounds each summer... Boys, YOU can lose 20 to 50 pounds while having the time of your life...’ ‘SLIM-DOWN camps for girls. Be reeducated in your eating habits,’
§ 2. In the States, perhaps the richest society the world has ever known, people eat more than anywhere else. In a population of just over 290 million, about 80 million are overweight. And, surrounded as they are by hot dogs, hamburgers, popcorn and ice creams, the kids do not escape. They are the fattest on the face of the earth - and at a price.
§ 3. For their summer holidays, thousands of tubby kids pack their bags for one of the dozens of American ‘fat camps’, where their parents pay a lot of money for them to be flattered, persuaded and criticized.
§ 4. It is very successful, at least in the short term. Dozens of fat camps boast weight losses of between two and three-and-a-half stone [1 stone = 6.35 kg] by their kids. It also helps them psychologically.
§ 5. Says one counselor of a slim-down camp: ‘The kids arrive sort of hang-dog, really pretty miserable. For years they’ve been called ‘Fats’ or ‘Blimp’ or ‘Hulk’, and that puts them off enjoying life. But we see a change. They’ve been odd man out for so long, and here they aren’t.’
§ 6. Camp Kingsmount, set in the Berkshire Hills in the heart of Massachusetts, is one of the most stunningly successful slim-down camps. Englishman Tom Parr, a 61-year-old from West Kirby, Cheshire, flies over each year to run the 8-week programme, which more than 300 fat kids take part in.
§ 7. Says Parr: ‘The typical weight loss per person throughout the camp is three-and-a-half stone. But in one special case, we removed just under six stone in the eight weeks. ’
§ 8. He admits, however, that the camp is an artificial environment. ‘That’s one of the strongest criticisms. Only about a third of the kids won’t be back next year. But the ones who keep coming back aren’t all lost. Everything they learn here isn’t wasted. We teach them a lot about nutrition, about which foods just balloon up the weight. We hope they’ll never forget it.’
§ 9. Once they leave the slim-down camps, the temptation to return to bad eating habits is strong. For there are fast-food stores on just about every comer of every block in America. And most American kids have a lot of pocket money.
§ 10. At the camps, the kids go straight on to a well-balanced, sound 1,200 calories a day with no snacks in between. To help them forget about their rumbling tummies, the kids are kept busy with exercise and outdoor activities in the mountainous countryside where these camps usually are,
§ 11. ‘You have to keep them going every minute of the day,’ says Tom Parr. ‘The whole experience has to be highly structured. If you keep them busy all the time, they don’t sit and sulk about how hungry they are. ’
From Women's Own
TASK 2
Choose the correct answer,
1. Which of the following is true about the advertisements found in § 1? A They are in the exaggerated language of advertising.
В They are meant to be funny.
С They are meant to give the reader accurate information.
D They contain very misleading information.
2. What is said in § 2 about American children?
A Like the grown-ups, they are often too fat.
В They do not realize they are overweight.
С They spend all their money on snacks and sweets.
D Unlike the grown-ups, they are often too fat.
3. What is suggested by ‘successful, at least in the short term’ (§ 4)?
A After leaving the camp children may soon become fat again.
В Fat children enjoy only short stays at slim-down camps.
С It takes only a short time for fat children to lose weight.
D Slim-down camps can only be successful for the last few years.
4. The change mentioned in § 5 refers to the change in the children’s feelings about...
A fat people.
В food.
С the camp.
D themselves.
5. The writer adds Pair’s words (§ 7) to illustrate the fact that...
A Camp Kingsmont is very successful.
В Camp Kingsmont runs an eight-week programme.
С Parr does everything possible for fat chidren.
D Parr is very experienced in running slim-down camps.
6. What does the ‘special case’ mentioned by Tom Parr in § 7 refer to?
A A child losing an unusual amount of weight.
В An exceptionally fat child.
С An unexpected and dangerous situation.
D An unsuccessful eight-week period.
7. The camp is ‘an artificial environment’ (§ 8). This results in children...
A becoming fat again in less ideal circumstances.
В being homesick.
С being unwilling to return the next year.
D sometimes losing too much weight.
8. Mr Parr hopes that the children who were at Camp Kingsmont will never forget...
A how difficult it is to lose weight.
В how fat they were at the start of the camp.
С the good times they had at the slim-down camp.
D the instruction about good food and bad food.
9. The quantity of pocket money (§ 9) is mentioned as a reason why American children...
A can buy anything they can think of.
В do not understand the value of money.
С have never thought of working for money.
D stand little chance of keeping their weight down.
10. What is the reason for exercise and outdoor activities at Camp Kingsmont?
A To give the children a true holiday experience.
В To keep the children away from fast-food stores.
С To keep the children from thinking about being hungry.
D To speed up slimming process.
TASK 3
Choose the right synonym of the word according to the text.
1. to flatter (§ 3)
A to pay compliments В to provide assistance С to make remarks
2. hang-dog (§ 5)
A beast В criminal С thief
3. stunningly (§ 6)
A pleasantly В extremely С largely
4. temptation (§ 9)
A desire В hint С invitation
5. sound | (§ 10) |
A | loud |
В | practical |
С | healthy |
6, to sulk (§11)
A to be concerned В to be in low spirits С to be curious
TASK 4
Choose the right variant of translation according to the text
1. They are the fattest on the face of the earth - and at a price. (§ 2)
А Они самые толстые перед лицом земли и платят за эту цену.
В Она самые толстые на земле, да еще за эту цену заплачены деньги.
С Судя по внешнему виду, они самые толстые на земле, к тому же за это пришлось еще и платить.
2.... that puts them off enjoying life. (§ 5)
A... это не дает им получать удовольствие от жизни.
В... что отложило на время радость жизни.
С... это задерживает наслаждение жизнью.
3. Once they leave the slim-down camps, the temptation to return to bad eating habits is strong. (§ 9)
А Однажды они уедут из лагеря похудения, и тогда соблазн вернуться к плохим привычкам питания будет сильным.
В Как только они оставят лагеря, где худеют, соблазн снова много есть очень силен.
С Когда они уезжают из лагерей для похудения, очень силен соблазн вернуться к вредным привычкам в еде.
4. You have to keep them going every minute of the day. (§ 11)
А Вы должны так держать их, чтобы они ходили каждую минуту дня.
В Надо, чтобы они находились весь день в движении.
С Необходимо удерживать их в движении ежеминутно и ежедневно.
WASHINGTON, D.C. AND NEW YORK CITY | ВАШИНГТОН И НЬЮ-ЙОРК |
1. Hello, I’m Tamara S., and I’ll talk about the U.S. capital Washington, D.C. and the largest city in America New York, often called the capital of the world for hosting the United Nations Organization. 2. When I was studying numerous sources trying to find some information about the U.S. cities, I was surprised that the capitals of the American states are not at all big cities, for example, Sacramento in California or Austin in Texas. 3. The same concerns the U.S. capital Washington, D.C. [District of Columbia], named after the first U.S. President George Washington, which is not the largest city of the country. 4. It stands on the river Potomac and is more to the South than Tashkent, Uzbekistan — another surprise for me! 5. Washington, D.C. is the residence of the government, Congress and the U.S. President. 6. The U.S. Congress and Senate meet in the Capitol which is free for visiting to all tourists. | 1. Здравствуйте, меня зовут Тамара С., и я расскажу о столице США Вашингтоне (округ Колумбия) и крупнейшем городе в Америке Нью-Йорке, который часто называют столицей мира за то, что он является штаб-квартирой Организации Объединенных Наций. 2. Когда я изучала всевозможные источники, пытаясь найти информацию об американских городах, меня удивило то, что столицы американских штатов - совсем небольшие города; например, Сакраменто в Калифорнии или Остин в Техасе. 3. То же можно сказать и о столице США Вашингтоне (округ Колумбия), который не является самым крупным городом в стране. 4. Он расположен на реке Потомак и находится южнее, чем Ташкент в Узбекистане, что явилось еще одной неожиданностью для меня. 5. В Вашингтоне работают правительство, Конгресс и Президент США. 6. Конгресс и Сенат Соединенных Штатов заседают в Капитолии, который доступен для посещения всех туристов. |
7. It’s true that after the terrorist attack of September 11th security measure became more stringent, which is fair enough.
8. Washington is also known for all kinds of rallies and marches of supporters or protesters that take place close to the central part of the city.
9. A very interesting place in Washington is the Union Station - it’s a railway station that is famous for a great number of cafeterias where you can try food of different cuisines - from Mexican to Mediterranean.
10. Our friends told me they had been frequent visitors to the Union Station and yet were not able to try all of the food available there.
11. I should also mention a very special place in the U.S. capital - the Memorial Arlington Cemetery where soldiers of different wars are buried.
12. And last but not least, all the museums in Washington, D.C. are free, of charge, with the largest of them - the Smithsonian Institute - being perhaps number one in the United States.
13. Now let’s travel up north to New York City which, by the way, long time ago was called New Amsterdam because the Dutch had bought Manhattan from native Americans.
7. Правда, после террористической атаки 11 сентября (2001 года) меры безопасности стали более жесткими, что вполне справедливо.
8. Вашингтон известен также благодаря разным митингам и демонстрациям тех, кто поддерживает политику правительства или протестует против нее; они проходят рядом с центром города.
9. Интересным местом в Вашингтоне является вокзал Юнион Стейшн - он известен тем, что там находится большое количество кафе, где можно попробовать блюда из разных стран мира - от Мексиканской до Средиземноморской кухни.
10. Мне рассказывали об этом знакомые, которые туда часто захаживали, но так и не смогли попробовать все блюда.
11. Стоит также сказать еще об одном особенном месте в американской столице - Мемориальном кладбище Арлингтон, где похоронены солдаты разных войн.
12. И, наконец, последнее по счету, но не по значению, - это то, что все музеи в Вашингтоне бесплатные и крупнейший из них - Институт Смитсониан - очевидно, первый из всех музеев Соединенных Штатов.
13. Теперь давайте проедемся на север в город Нью-Йорк, который, кстати, давным-давно назывался Нью-Амстердам, потому что голландцы выкупили Манхэттен у коренных американцев (индейцев).
M. New York is the largest city in the t Inited States located at the Atlantic Ocean coast, with Kennedy International Airport, a huge gate to the country (like many geographical names in America, the word “new” precedes the well known British cities and counties).
15. The Statue of Liberty (which was presented to America by France) is a symbol of New York, and a tourist ferry boat can take you there to feel the spirit of the country.
16. There is hardly another place where you can see people from all over the world, and it’s New York which is truly a melting pot of all nations.
17. The central part of the city - Manhattan is divided into numbered streets and avenues - some of them world known, like the Fifth Avenue or Broadway with luxurious shops and theatres, hotels and restaurants.
18. But New York is indeed a city of contrasts, and in such sections as Queens or Harlem you will hardly see what is usually associated with this city.
19. And yet, it’s like a magnet - you are attracted to this wonderful city that all of us have seen on TV with Gershwin’s music played to make an unforgettable impression and a number of unique museums with the world’s richest collections.
------ ----------- p—-------------------- —----------- ---------
14. Нью-Йорк - самый большой город США, расположенный на побережье Атлантического океана, с международным аэропортом имени Кеннеди - огромными воротами в страну (как и у многих географических названий в Америке, слово «ныо» = «новый» предшествует хорошо известным названиям городов и графств Великобритании).
15. Статуя Свободы, которую Америке подарила Франция, является символом Нью-Йорка, и туда можно добраться на туристическом пароме и почувствовать дух страны.
16. Вряд ли есть другое такое место в мире, где можно увидеть людей со всех уголков планеты, и именно Нью-Йорк и является настоящим плавильным котлом всех стран.
17. Центральная часть города - Манхэттен - пересечен пронумерованными улицами и авеню; некоторые из них известны во всем мире, например. Пятая авеню или Бродвей с шикарными магазинами и театрами, отелями и ресторанами,
18. Но Нью-Йорк - это действительно город контрастов, и в таких районах, как Куинз или Гарлем, вы вряд ли увидите то, с чем обычно ассоциируется этот город.
19. И все же он как магнит - вас притягивает этот удивительный город, который все мы видели по телевидению в сопровождении незабываемой музыки Гершвина, с целым рядом музеев, в которых находятся богатейшие коллекции мира.
20. The financial heart of the country is Wall Street, but there are no longer twin towers of the World Trade Centre there after a horrific terrorist attack of September! 1,2001.
21. Those events couldn’t help affecting the outlook of New York but were not able to change the atmosphere of the city.
22. Now that we have become an open country and part of the world, there are real opportunities to see New York on one’s own - many people I know have been there, and I hope I’ll also be able to discover America for myself, and this discovery wiil start with New York - the Capita! of the World.
20. Финансовое сердце страны - улица Уолл-Стрит, но там уже нет башен-близнецов Всемирного Торгового Центра после ужасной террористической атаки 11 сентября 2001 года.
21. Эти события не могли не повлиять на внешний вид Нью- Йорка, но они не смогли изменить атмосферу этого города.
22. Теперь, когда мы стали открытой страной и частью мирового сообщества, есть реальные возможности посетить Нью-Йорк самому - многие мои знакомые уже побывати там, и я надеюсь, что тоже смогу открыть для себя Америку, и это открытие начнется с Ныо-Йорка - Столицы Мира.
|
Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put them down in the right-hand column:
- за то, что разместил на своей территории ООН
- многочисленные источники
- некоторые сведения об американских городах
- столицы американских штагов
- это же относится и к столице США
- расположен южнее (чем...)
- бесплатно посещают все туристы
- меры безопасности стали жестче
- что вполне оправдано (достаточно справедливо)
- всевозможные митинги и демонстрации
- те, кто поддерживают и протестуют
- где можно попробовать кухню разных стран
- от мексиканской до средиземноморской
- не удалось попробовать всю еду, которая там была
- мне также стоит упомянуть
- Мемориальное Арлингтонское кладбище
- похоронены солдаты разных войн
- последнее по счету, но не по значению
- все музеи в Вашингтоне бесплатные
- отправимся на север
- коренные американцы (индейцы)
- международный аэропорт имени Дж. Кеннеди
- ворота в страну
- слово «нью» стоит перед названиями британских городов и графств
- статуя Свободы
- туристический паром
- почувствовать дух этой страны
- вряд ли другое место
- на самом деле является плавильным котлом всех стран
- Манхэттен разделен на пронумерованные улицы и авеню
- в таких районах, как Куинз или Гарлем
- то, что обычно связывают (ассоциируется) с этим городом
- он как магнит
- вас тянет к этому удивительному городу
- под музыку Гершвина
- для создания неповторимого впечатления
- ряд уникальных музеев с богатейшими коллекциями мира
- не могли не повлиять на облик Нью-Йорка
- не смогли изменить атмосферу города
- теперь, когда мы стали открытой страной
- составная часть мирового сообщества
- реальная возможность самому увидеть Нью-Йорк
- открыть для себя Америку
- это открытие начнется с Нью-Йорка
TASK 2
Answer the following questions for self-control:
1. Is Washington, D.C. the largest U.S. city?
2. What is surprising about the capitals of American states?
3. What is the geographical position of the U.S. capital?
4. What is Washington, D.C. famous for?
5. Is there anything in Washington, D.C. that makes it different from the other U.S. cities?
6. Where is the seat of the U.S. Congress?
7. What is the residence of the U.S. President?
8. Why have the security measures for tourists become more stringent?
9. Is New York City up north or down south of Washington, D.C.?
10. What makes New York look like a melting pot?
11. Where can you feel the spirit of America?
12, What is the central part of NYC famous for?
13. What street of New York is called the country’s financial heart?
14. How did the events of September 11th (2001) affect New York?
15. What is your idea of New York as the Capital of the World?
Section 2:___________ TEXT FOR COMPREHENSION
|
Read the text
§ 1. Not many kids would volunteer to hane on at school for the afternoon when all their mates had been set free because of a caretakers’ strike.
§ 2. The boys who belong to the film unit at Forest Hili Comprehensive are used to giving up evenings, weekends and holidays to leam skills which are not on offer at any other school in the country.
§ 3. They have just enjoyed a successful run of their film ‘The Custard Boys’ at the ICA in The Mall. It is now to be shown abroad, so Colin Finbow, their teacher, and one of the boys, Kiran Garcha, are re-editing and tightening it ug for distribution.
§ 4. Colin Finbow started the unit at the school ten years ago. His own interest in filming and writing for film and television began when he was at school and continued while he went through college. He decided to get a teaching job to earn regular money and formed the unit at Forest Hill for his own interest, as well as the boys’.
§ 5 ‘People have been coming up to me in the past few weeks, saying we really ought to spread the word among schools in London so that other film units get going, but that is just not possible,’ he says. The only reason our project is enjoying some success is because there is a group of reliable kids who can do technical jobs and are able to think for themselves. That has taken ten years to achieve, and there are only about six of that calibre.’
§ 6. Until two years ago, the unit made 30-minute films and showed them at the school’s own film festival each year. Now they are concentrating on making 80- to 90-minute films. All the work has to be done at weekends and during the holidays because much of the filming is done on location outside London.
§ 7. Colin Finbow decides on the subject matter. ‘I’m afraid I do choose the material. Very few of the kids have enough imagination. Kiran is one who has, and he wrote the first version of The Custard Boys’, which I then turned into the shooting script, I think my main role is to guide the whole operation, so I act as director of photography, but the boys can step in at any time with their ideas. ’
§ 8. The boys are, among others, Graham Headicar, the sound editor, who is 14; Andrew Fleury, who is 1 4 and does lighting, and Robert Farr, also
14, who is sound assistant. Once the script is ready, they choose actors for the parts. They draw on their pupils in the school and the teachers. ‘We don’t have many parts for girls,’ said Graham, ‘but if we need some, we get them from Sydenham County School near here.’
§ 9. ‘We have to be very careful who we choose,’ Robert said, ‘because they have to be very reliable and willing to give up all their free time.’
§ 10. Most of the boys involved in the unit want to go into the film industry. Graham wants to be a sound engineer, ‘but only five out of 100 applicants get in to the BBC.’ Robert wants to be a sound recordist or a farmer, he’s not sure which. Amos doesn’t think he's going into filming. ‘Don't think so. Pay’s terrible. Might as well be a dustman.’
From The Observer
Choose the correct answer.
1. What do paragraphs 1 and 2 say about Forest Hill comprehensive school?
A It has many more subjects to offer than any other school in the country.
В Some of its pupils made a film about the caretakers’ strike there.
С There is a film unit there, on which pupils readily spend their free time.
D When the caretakers strike, pupils are asked to help out.
2. What are Colin and Kiran doing, according to § 3?
They are...
A making another film like ‘The Custard Boys’.
В making some changes in ‘The Custard Boys’ necessary for foreign audiences.
С subtitling ‘The Custard Boys’ for audiences in other countries.
D travelling around other countries with ‘The Custard Boys’.
3. Why did Colin Finbow decide to get a teaching job (§ 4)?
A He had to find the money for his filming.
В He took a great interest in teaching.
С He wanted to be able to teach filming.
D He wanted to be certain of an income.
4. What have the people mentioned in § 5 been saying?
A It is not possible to get film units going at other London schools.
В Other London schools should be encouraged to start film units, too.
С Pupils from other London schools might be asked to join Colin Fin- bow’s school unit.
D Schools with film units should know about each other’s existence.
5. The success of the film unit at Forest Hill Comprehensive is due to...
A a number of pupils having followed a technical course.
В the enthusiasm shared by everybody in the school.
С the school’s high training standards.
D years of hard work and some talented pupils.
6. Which of the following is true of § 6?
A They explain that filming on location makes films more attractive.
В They give further information about the unit’s activities.
С They make it clear why the film unit no longer makes 30-minute films.
D They show why making films is pleasant work.
7. In what way is Kiran an exceptional boy (§ 7)?
He is the only one who...
A has enough originality to produce a script.
В is of real help to Colin.
С is willing to help turn books into film scripts.
D understands Colin’s ideas about filming.
8. How can Colin Finbow’s relationships with his boys be described?
A He depends on the boys for ideas.
В He influences the boys without anyone noticing it.
С He leads them, but welcomes their own initiative.
D He leaves everything to the boys.
9. Who are usually the actors in the films made by the unit?
A Boys and girls from Forest Hill Comprehensive.
В Professional actors from elsewhere.
С Pupils and staff from Forest Hill Comprehensive.
D The film unit boys themselves.
10. Which of the following statements replaces best what Amos says (§ 10)? A ‘Filming costs too much money.’
В ‘I’d rather be a dustman. ’
С ‘Robert is not likely to go into filming.’
D ‘ You cannot make a living out of filming.’
TASK 3
Choose the right synonym of the word according to the text
1. to hang on(§ 1)
A to work or study overtime В to stay С to wait
2. to tighten up (§ 3)
A to improve В to check С to shorten
3. regular (§ 4)
A ordinary В systematic С normal
4. to spread (the word) (§ 5)
A to pass on В to circulate С to announce
5. to draw on (§ 8)
A to persuade В to tempt С to attract
6. applicant (§ 10)
A winner В candidate С competitor
Choose the right variant of translation according to the text
1. The boys who belong to the film unit at Forest Hill Comprehensive are used to giving up evenings, weekends and holidays to learn skills which are not on offer at any other school in the country. (§ 2)
А Мальчики, которые принадлежат к кинокружку в общеобразовательной школе Форест Хилл, раньше отдавали все вечера, выходные и каникулы, чтобы приобрести навыки, которым нельзя научиться ни в одной другой школе страны.
В Мальчики, из кинокружка общеобразовательной школы Форест Хилл привыкли проводить вечера, выходные и каникулы, чтобы приобрести навыки, которым нельзя научиться ни в одной другой школе страны.
С Мальчики, участвующие в кинокружке общеобразовательной школы Форест Хилл, привыкли проводить вечера, выходные и каникулы, чтобы приобрести навыки, которым нельзя научиться ни в одной другой школе в сельской местности.
2.... much of the filming is done on location outside London. (§ 6)
A... большинство съемок проводится на натуре за пределами Лондона.
В... много съемок делается прямо на месте за Лондоном.
С... большую часть фильмов приходится снимать вне Лондона.
3.1 think my main role is to guide the whole operation, so I act as director of photography, but the boys can step in at any time with their ideas. (§ 7)
А Я думаю, что моя основная роль состоит в том, чтобы направлять весь процесс, поэтому я работаю в качестве директора фотографии, но ребята могут в любое время предлагать свои идеи. В Я думаю, что моя основная роль состоит в том, чтобы руководить всей операцией, поэтому я действую как оператор, но мальчики могут вступить в любое время со своими идеями.
С Я думаю, что моя основная задача состоит в том, чтобы направлять весь процесс, поэтому я выступаю в роли оператора, однако ребята могут в любое время предлагать свои идеи.
4. Might as well be a dustman. (§ 10)
А Возможно, я стану мусорщиком.
В Я точно так же могу стать и мусорщиком.
С Я могу поработать и в качестве мусорщика.
THE U.S. HOLIDAYS
Section 1:___________ ТОРЮ FOR DISCUSSION__________
THE U.S. HOLIDAYS
1. Hello, I’m Roman Golovin, and I’d like to share with you what I know about the holidays celebrated in the Unites States.
Дата добавления: 2015-10-21; просмотров: 25 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая лекция | | | следующая лекция ==> |