LESSON 3. COMPLAINT DESK IS A OROSS>SECTION OF SOCIETY |
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PART 1. ARBITRATOR SHOULD NEVER |
1. Work in pairs. Make a list of things you know about civil cases and court’s jurisdiction in civil cases. Listen to other student’s ideas and add them to your list. 2. Work in pairs. In the text below find the synonyms of the words in the box. |
happen put on trial power complain topical laws be connected with contract accused financial just regulate range guarantee claimant deal with court case relate to provoke important exposure hearing location starting a trial |
The first procedural questions in many cases are: where must the case be filed, and when must the case be filed. Statutes of limitations concern “when” cases must be filed. Jurisdiction governs the power of Ohio’s courts to deal with different types of civil lawsuits and criminal prosecutions. Venue concerns the location of particular court where a case must be tried. Statutes of limitations provide time limits for bringing civil lawsuits and criminal prosecutions. Generally, jurisdiction means the power of a court. Different courts have different powers, and a case can be brought only in a court with authority to deal with it. There are several kinds of jurisdiction. “Subject matter jurisdiction” is the power of a court to deal with particular kinds of cases. “Monetary jurisdiction” is the minimum or maximum dollar limit on civil cases that a particular court can handle. “Territorial jurisdiction” is the geographic extent of a court’s power. A court has territorial jurisdiction over civil cases when the incident or transaction on which the case is based occurred in the court’s territory or, in some cases, when the defendant or the plaintiff lives in the court’s territory. In criminal cases, a court generally has jurisdiction when the crime, or any essential part or “elemenf’ of the crime, occurred in the court’s territory. Whereas jurisdiction refers to the power of a court to try a case, venue refers to the place where it is to be tried. Usually, venue follows territorial jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases. Venue can be changed in criminal cases when the change is necessary to secure a fair trial. A change of venue might be granted, for example, in the trial of a particularly terrible crime where publicity has inflamed local public opinion against the accused. |
3. For questions 1-15, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0). |
Jurisdiction |
(0) the authority of a court. |
_____ (1) courts have dissimilar authority, and a lawsuit can be dealt with only at a court with the____________________ (2) to handle it. _________ (3) jurisdiction” means the financial range of civil cases that a definite court can________ (4). “_________ (5) matter jurisdiction” is the authority of a court to handle specific types of cases. “Territorial jurisdiction” is the geographic________________ (6) of the court’s authority. Venue is related to the______________ (7) of___________ (8) court where a lawsuit should be heard. |
Statutes of limitations |
(9) time |
___ (10) for filing complaints in civil lawsuits and starting criminal prosecutions. While jurisdiction________________ (12) to the authority of a court to handle a lawsuit, venue concerns the place where it must be heard. A transfer of venue may be (12), for example, in the lawsuit of a particularly _____________________________________ (13) crime where |
(14) has provoked local public opinion against the |
(15). |
A. indicates | B. means | C. simpHfies | D. denotes | |
A. dissimilar | B. diverse | C. different | D. uncommon | |
A. authority | B. authenticity | C. force | D. fitness | |
A. geographic | B. territorial | C. subjective | D. monetary | |
A. hand | B. dismiss | C. control | D. handle | |
A. topic | B. object | C. subject | D. issue | |
A. extent | B. expense | C. range | D. measure | |
A. locality | B. location | C. spot | D. placement | |
A. particular | B. exact | C. definite | D. certain | |
A. grant | B. guarantee | C. provide | D. secure | |
A. restriction | B. boundary | C. interval | D. limit | |
A. allot | B. refer | C. cite | D. coincide | |
A. offered | B. granted | C. proposed | D. presented | |
A. heinous | B. human | C. hilarious | D. humane | |
A. dissemination | B. transparency | C. publicity | D. advertising | |
A. claimant | B. guilty | C. suspect | D. accused |
4. Listen to the text on the legal procedure of filing a complaint to the court in civil cases How a Civil Case Begins. A civil case begins when the_____________________ (1), or plaintiff, files a written statement of his________________ (2) (a complaint) in a court. His opponent, or the_______________ (3), must then be______________ (4) |
of the suit, and given an opportunity to answer or |
(5) the |
Complaint. The Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure provide that a_________________ (6) is started by filing a written____________ (7) called a complaint with the |
proper |
(8). The complaint must contain: 1) a short and plain statement of the claim which shows that the plaintiff is________________ (9) to rehef under the law; and 2) a demand (or “_________ (10)”) for the kind of relief to which plaintiff believes he is_______________ (11). _____ (12) |
This “rehef’ might be payment of a special amount of money, or a court order__________________ defendant to do or___________ (13) from doing a certain thing (an “_______________ (14)”), or other relief Different kinds of___________ (15) can be requested in the same complaint. If the plaintiff has not specified the damages sought, then at any time 28 days after the_____________ (16) of a complaint, the defendant may request that plaintiff state an amount of______________ (17) sought. Notice to the Defendant. The______________ (18) in a lawsuit is entitled to know that he has been ____________ (19), and why. Accordingly, when a complaint is filed, a summons is |
(20) to the defendant. The |
_____ (21) tells the defendant who sued him, and when __ (22) himself The summons also states that if he does not defend (23) by default. A copy of the complaint is attached to the summons so that the defendant will know the exact____________________ (24) of the claim against him. The summons and_____________ (25) are known as “process”. The delivery of the____________________ (26) |
and where he must himself, he may____ |
and complaint is known as “service of process”. Process can be_______________ directly to the____________ (28), leaving it at his home, or sending it to him by Service of___________ (30) must be made within six months after the filing of the complaint. |
(27) by delivering it _____ (29) mail. |
5. Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 2 and 4. Then use the table to tell your partner everything you know about the US legal procedure in civil cases. |
V U.S. LEGAL PROCEDU№ IN CIVIL CASES | |
Statutes of limitations’ function |
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Jurisdiction means |
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Venue means |
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Kinds of jurisdiction |
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Subject matter jurisdiction means |
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Monetary jurisdiction means |
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Territorial jurisdiction means |
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Territorial jurisdiction in criminal cases |
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Reasons to change the venue |
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What should the plaintiff do to begin a case? |
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What must the complaint contain? |
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What are the possible types of relief? |
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What happens if the plaintiff has not specified the damages sought within the necessary time? |
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What is the summons and what does it contain? |
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What is the “service of process” and when should it take place? | -■ r--------------------------------------------------------------- “■ ----------------------- |
6. Work in pairs. Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences. 1. The court has not determined/ did not determine yet whether the case falls within the financial jurisdiction. 2. The Supreme Court has already finished/ already finished hearmg the case. 3.1 know the jury began/ has begun examining the evidence over an hour ago. |
4. Have they ever brought/ did they ever bring a lawsuit against the local authorities before a court? 5. Mr. Collins has never been/ never was a defendant in a civil case. But now he has changed/ changed. 6. Г11 take you out of the courtroom, but not before the jury have announced/ announced the verdict. 7. If a claim is filed after the statute of limitations has expired/ expired, the defendant will move to dismiss the action. 8. Such news! The attorney has asked/ asked the court to change the venue of the trial. 9. Why did/ has your transaction turn/ turned out to be a complete failure? 10. After the witness’s testimony the publicity has inflamed/ inflamed the local public opinion against the accused. 7. Translate into English Першими процедурними питаннями в будь-якій цивільній справі є такі: куди треба подавати позов та коли. Закон про позовну давність встановлює термін його подання. Юрисдикція визначає повноваження судів штату щодо розгляду різних цивільних та кримінальних справ. Межі судових округів визначають суди, в яких може заслуховуватися справа. Закон про позовну давність обумовлює часові обмеження щодо порушення справи та проведення кримінального переслідування. Термін «юрисдикція» означає повноваження суду. Різні суди мають різні повноваження й справи можуть порушуватися лише у тому суді, який має відповідні повноваження. Існує кілька різновидів юрисдикції: «предметна юрисдикція», яка уповноважує суд розглядати певні види справ за змістом; «грошова юрисдикція», що визначає діапазон грошової суми позову, в межах якого конкретний суд може розглядати відповідну цивільну справу, та «територіальна юрисдикція», тобто географічні межі повноважень суду. Юрисдикція стосується повноважень суду щодо розгляду певних видів справ, а межі судового округу визначають місце слухання справи. Цивільна справа розпочинається тоді, коли заявник, або позивач, подає до суду свою позовну заяву у письмовій формі. Позовна заява має містити: 1) стислий та зрозумілий виклад обвинувачення, з якого було б ясно, що заявник за законом має право на відшкодування; 2) вимогу (прохання) присудити таке відшкодування, на яке, як вважає позивач, він має право. Відповідач у судовій справі має право знати, що проти нього порушено справу, і причину такого порушення. Відповідач може спробувати відхилити скаргу. Повістка та додана до неї копія позовної заяви разом називаються «виклик до суду». Вручення повістки та копії позовної заяви називається «врученням виклику до суду». Документи можуть бути передані особисто відповідачу, їх можуть принести до оселі відповідача або ж надіслати рекомендованим листом. VOCABULARY ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN accordingly відповідно accused обвинувачений attach додавати bring a civil lawsuit порушувати цивільну справу certified mail рекомендований лист challenge відхиляти (скаргу) civil case цивільна справа civil lawsuit цивільна справа claim позов claimant позивач |
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complaint concern (v) copy court order criminal prosecutions damages deal with default defend defendant delivery demand exact fair trial file follow geographic extent govern handle incident inflame injunction issue lawsuit limit location lose by default monetary jurisdiction nature of the claim notice (n) notify occur opponent(n) plain statement plaintiff pleading prayer procedural question process proper court provide public opinion publicity refer refrain (from doing) relief request (v) secure service of process specify state (v) statutes of limitations subject matter jurisdiction sue summons territorial jurisdiction transaction try venue written statement |
скарга, (позовна) заява стосуватися, відноситися копія, примірник наказ суду кримінальні переслідування грошова компенсація мати справу з нез’явлення до суду захищати відповідач, обвинувачений вручення вимога точний, чіткий справедливий судовий розгляд подавати (позов) логічно виходити (про наслідок) географічні межі поширення керувати, регулювати, управляти мати справу з; розглядати (справу) випадок збуджувати (громадську думку тощо) судова заборона видавати судова справа, судовий процес, позов строк давності місце розташування програти справу внаслідок неявки до суду грошова юрисдикція (підсудність) суть звинувачення повідомлення повідомляти траплятися опонент зрозумілий виклад (змісту) позивач,заявник заява прохання процедурне питання виклик до суду відповідний суд передбачати громадська думка розголос передавати на розгляд утриматися (від дії) відшкодування робити запит забезпечувати вручення виклику до суду конкретизувати заявляти закон про давність позову предметна юрисдикція (підсудність) переслідувати в судовому порядку виклик до суду, повістка територіальна юрисдикція комерційна операція розглядати (справу) в суді місце розгляду (справи) письмова заява |
UKRAINIAN - ENGLISH |
видавати виклик до суду вимога випадок відповідач відповідний суд відповідно відхиляти (скаргу) відшкодування вручення вручення виклику до суду географічні межі поширення громадська думка грошова компенсація грошова юрисдикція (підсудність) додавати забезпечувати закон про давність позову захищати заява заявляти заявник збуджувати (громадську думку тощо) зрозумілий виклад (змісту) керувати комерційна операція конкретизувати кримінальні переслідування логічно виходити (про наслідок) мати справу з місце розгляду (справи) місце розташування наказ суду нез’явлення до суду обвинувачений опонент передавати на розгляд передбачати переслідувати в судовому порядку письмова заява повідомлення повідомляти повістка (до суду) подавати (позов) позивач позов позовна заява порушувати цивільну справу предметна юрисдикція (підсудність) примірник програти справу внаслідок неявки до суду прохання процедурне питання рекомендований лист робити запит |
issue summons; process demand incident defendant proper court accordingly challenge relief delivery service of process geographic extent public opinion damages monetary jurisdiction attach secure statutes of limitations defend pleading state (v) plaintiff inflame plain statement govern transaction specify criminal prosecutions follow deal with venue location court order default accused; defendant opponent(n) refer provide sue written statement notice (n) notify summons file claimant; plaintiff claim complaint bring a civil lawsuit subject matter jurisdiction copy lose by default prayer procedural question certified mail request (v) |
розглядати (справу) в суді hear; try; handle; deal with розголос publicity скарга complaint справедливий судовий розгляд fair trial стосуватися concern (v) строк давності limit судова заборона injunction судова справа lawsuit суть звинувачення nature of the claim територіальна юрисдикція territorial jurisdiction точний exact траплятися occur утримуватися (від дії) refrain (from doing) цивільна справа civil case; civil lawsuit чіткий exact |
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PART 2. ORDER IS HEAVEN’S FIRST LAW |
1. Work in pairs. Think of the meaning of the following notions: “cross-claim”, “counterclaim”, “discovery”, “deposition” and “interrogation” within the context of Civil Law. Listen to other student’s ideas and add them to your list. 2. Work in pairs. In the text below find the synonyms and antonyms of the words in the box. |
sworn declaration additional defendant's complaint unclear observer wronged proposal force (v) psychiatric collection of information evidence disagree with reject supplementary complaint statement to be used as evidence unrelated questiormaire court secretary record (v) agree with statement specific dispute (v) |
When the defendant is notified he has been sued, he must file an “answer”. His answer may deny everything in the complaint, admit some of the plaintiffs claim and deny the rest, or admit most or all of the plaintiffs claim. If the defendant feels that he is the injured party, he might answer the plaintiffs suit with a lawsuit of his own, called a “counterclaim”. Sometimes a plaintiff or defendant may have a claim, ancillary to the main lawsuit against a co-plaintiff or a co-defendant; this claim is stated in a “cross-claim”. The parties to any lawsuit can challenge each other’s pleadings by means of “motions”. For example, the defendant might file a motion to dismiss the complaint because the complaint does not show that the plaintiff is entitled to relief When the complaint or answer is vague, the opposing party can file a motion to make the complaint or answer definite. If a pleading contains irrelevant material, the opposing party can file a motion asking that such material be removed. The Rules of Civil Procedure permit the parties to a lawsuit to preserve the testimony of potential witnesses, and to obtain information or evidence from each other through various methods known collectively as “discovery”. The purpose of discovery is to permit all parties to prepare their cases well. “Depositions” may be taken from parties or witnesses, when a party, or witness, is questioned under oath, and his answers are recorded by a court reporter. The whole proceeding, questions and answers, is often transcribed into a typewritten form. A party may be compelled to answer “interrogations”(written questions propounded by the other party). A party may compel another party to allow the inspection of evidence and other items. When physical or mental condition is an issue in a case, a party may request the court to order a medical examination. The parties may be required to make various admissions (disclosures) important to the case. |
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3. For questions 1-18, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0). |
If the defendant (0) believes that he is the |
(1) party, he may react to the |
claimant’s complaint with his own claim, known as a “counterclaim”. Sometimes a claimant or an accused may have a______________________________________________________ (2),_________ (3) to the main complaint against a co- claimant or a co- accused; this participant in a case can ask for summary judgment. When a statement |
a case can file a |
(7) asking that such material be |
(8). The Rules of Civil Procedure permit the participants in a case to _________ (9) the_____________ (10) of_____________ (11) witnesses, and to acquire data or_____________ (12) from each other through________________ (13) methods known_______________ (14) as “discovery”. The court may restrict or ban a discovery_____________ (15) if it would subject anyone to unnecessary frustration, humiliation, or expenditure. Depositions, i.e. interrogation under sworn declaration______________________ (16) by a court__________ (17), may be taken from participants and________________ (18). |
A. plaintiff | B. defendant | C. judge | D. witness | |
A. injured | B. damaged | C. offended | D. humiliated | |
A. plan | B. statement | C. claim | D. aim | |
A. ftirther | B. ancillary | C. subsidiary | D. accessory | |
A. compose | B. contain | C. conclude | D. combine | |
A. irresponsible | B. irrational | C. irritational | D. irrelevant | |
A. aggrieving | B. arguing | C. opposing | D. imposing | |
A. motion | B. gesture | C. intention | D. motive | |
A. reminded | B. removed | C. restricted | D.reduced | |
A. accumulate | B. suspend | C. freeze | D. preserve | |
A. ceremony | B. testimony | C. presumption | D. assumption | |
A. potential | B. essential | C. sentential | D. official | |
A. coincidence | B. subsidence | C. penitence | D. evidence | |
A. courteous | B. conscious | C. various | D. obvious | |
A. distinctly | B. collectively | C. additionally | D. initially | |
A. prosecution | B. execution | C. proceeding | D. following | |
A. fixed | B. written | C.recorded | D. typed | |
A. judge | B. reporter | C. journalist | D. secretary | |
A. witnesses | B. spectators | C. observers | D. inspectors |
4. Listen to the text on the pretrial conference in civil cases in the USA and fill in the gaps. You will hear the text twice. |
Many courts require the___________ (1) to a civil case to attend a_____________ (2) in order to establish the_____________ (3) for the trial and to help to_____________________ (4) the case with the least amount of time and trouble. Many_____________ (5) may be dealt with at the pretrial conference, including: the possibility of settlement before trial;_________________ (6) of the questions to be tried; the listing of expenses and _______________ (7); possible amendments to the _______________ (8); the exchange of the reports of_______________ (9), medical reports, and hospital records; limiting the |
number of expert witnesses; and agreement upon certain facts or Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is often a pretrial |
(10). |
(14), mediation, arbitration, minitrials, and |
____ (11). ADR refers to a (13) conflict. For example, ____ (15) are some of the |
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