attacks are no changes in the peripheral blood noted? 8. What changes in the blood are noted in particularly severe attacks of pain? 9. What may the main cause of angina pec-toris be? 10. What medicine may relieve pain in mild and moderate attacks of angina pectoris?
CARDIOSURGERY
1. What is cardiosurgery? 2. What scientists have been working in this field? 3. Why are the operations on the heart performed? 4. What precedes the operation on the heart? 5. What methods of treatment of a heart disease does the surgeon choose if the therapeutic measures have been ineffective? 6. Why are the operations on the heart so difficult? 7. Why are the operations on the contracting heart dangerous? 8. What occurs to the brain cells if there is a long interval of blood circulation during the cardiac operation?
9. What methods are used in cardiosurgery?
ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ITS TREATMENT
1. The disease of what system is atherosclerosis? 2. What does atherosclerosis of the blood vessels result from? 3. When do these metabolic disturbances begin? 4. What must the doctor do to prevent the appearance of the disease? 5. What regimen must such a patient follow? 6. Why is sound sleep very important for such a patient? 7. In what professional groups is the incidence of atherosclerosis high? 8. Why must patients with atherosclerosis not smoke? 9. What must the diet of a patient with atherosclerosis contain?
10. What treatment is indicated in case of atherosclerosis?
• GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS
1. What Russian scientists proved the existence of an association between a lesion of the central and peripheral nervous system and the development of ulcer? 2. Into what theory was the neurogenious theory of the pathogenesis of ulcer developed by K. Bykov?
3. What are gastric and duodenal ulcers found to result from according to this theory?
4. What does a spastic contraction of vessels in the stomach or duodenum result in? 5. In
what persons is ulcer observed to develop in the majority of cases? 6. What other factor
may contribute to the onset of ulcer? 7. In whom are ulcers found to develop more fre
quently? 8. What is the disease characterized by? 9. What are the main characteristics of
pain in gastric ulcers? 10. What does the course of ulcer vary with? 11. When does exa
cerbation of ulcer occur?
CHRONIC GASTRITIS
1. What does the term chronic gastritis mean? 2. What diseases may chronic gastritis be associated with? 3. What are the most important causes of chronic gastritis? 4. What clinical manifestations is gastritis characterized by? 5. What symptoms are most frequent in gastritis? 6. In what forms of gastritis may nausea and vomiting of mucus be observed? 7. In what case do the symptoms of chronic gastritis become worse?
CANCER OF TH E STOMACH
1. In what sex group is gastric carcinoma more common? 2. At what age is the highest incidence of gastric carcinoma noted? 3. In what age group is gastric carcinoma known
to have a more malignant course? 4. What duration has gastric cancer from the appearance of its first manifestations to death? 5. What pathologic conditions have been determined to contribute to the development of gastric carcinoma? 6. What other factors are responsible for the development of stomach carcinoma? 7. What theories have been suggested in the aetiology of gastric carcinoma? 8. What are the main symptoms of gastric carcinoma known to be? 9. What does prolonged external profuse bleeding result in?
10. What appetite has the patient with gastric carcinoma?
ACUTE APPENDICITIS
1. In what sex group is the incidence of acute appendicitis more frequent? 2. What is acute appendicitis known to begin with? 3. Where does the pain become generalized then? 4. When does the pain become worse? 5. What is the pain accompanied by? 6. What temperature has the patient with acute appendicitis? 7. What does the blood analysis reveal? 8. What pulse rate has the patient with acute appendicitis? 9. What tongue has the patient? 10. What treatment is indicated in case of acute appendicitis? 11. Under what anaesthesia is the operation for acute appendicitis performed?
BOTKIN'S DISEASE
1. What does Botkin's disease affect? 2. What idea about the origin of this disease did
5. Botkin advance? 3. Due to whose efforts was the term "Botkin's disease" introduced
into medicine? 4. Who usually falls ill with Botkin's disease? 5. What is Botkin's disease
caused by? 6. What instrument (device) may this filterable virus be discovered by? 7. Where
is the filterable virus present? 8. Where does the filterable virus survive for days and weeks?
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
1. What organ is inflamed in acute cholecystitis? 2. What main forms may cholecystitis have? 3. What does the patient with cholecystitis complain of? 4. What is an attack of pain usually preceded by? 5. Where may pain radiate to in case of acute cholecystitis?
6. When does pain grow much worse? 7. What characteristic clinical manifestations has
this disease? 8. What does the physical examination of the patient with acute cholecysti
tis reveal? 9. What treatment do purulent forms of cholecystitis require? 10. What must
surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis be followed by?
PERITONITIS
1. What character of location may peritonitis have? 2. What forms of peritonitis are observed? 3. What kind of pathologic process may peritonitis be? 4. What is acute general peritonitis believed to be due to? 5. What most frequent conditions may cause peritonitis? 6. What main symptoms is this disease characterized by? 7. What is the enlargement of the abdomen due to? 8. What does blood analysis usually reveal? 9. What treatment does this condition require? 10. What is to be removed during the operation?
11. What is emergency operative treatment known to be followed by?
IMMUNITY
1. What is immunity? 2. What kinds of immunity are there? 3. What produces a more Or less permanent protection against subsequent infection? 4. What is an anti-
toxin? 5. What role docs the antitoxin play in the human body? 6. What are phagocytes and what is their role? 7. How is active artificial immunity produced?
EDWARD JENNER
1. Why is the name of Edward Jenner known in medicine? 2. In what century did he live? 3. Why is the incidence of smallpox rare nowadays? 4, What was one of the main causes of death in the 18th century? 5. What had people noted about the origin of smallpox? 6. What substance did E. Jenner introduce to the first child to prevent the development of smallpox? 7. Why did E. Jenner call his new method of preventing smallpox "vaccination"? 8. What were the results of Jenner's great discovery?
Lesson 51
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. контроль над возрастающим шумом в больших городах; 2. увеличивать продолжительность жизни; 3. хорошо оборудованные современные машины скорой помощи; 4. охранять здоровье всех граждан; 5. уровень здравоохранения;
6. качество медицинского обслуживания
1. the control of growing noises in large cities; 2. to increase the life-span; 3. well-equipped modem ambulances; 4. to protect the health of all citizens; 5. the standard of Public Health; 6. the quality of medical service
Б. 1. устранить шум около больниц; 2. продление продолжительности жизни людей; 3. оборудовать рентгенокабинет современной аппаратурой; 4. граждане России имеют право на оплату по больничному листу; 5. развитие уровня здравоохранения; 6. каче&гвсГмедицинского ухода; 7. загрязнение воздуха; 8. за счет профсоюзов; 9. устранить причины детской смертности; 10. оказывать населению медицинскую помощь
1. to eliminate the noise near hospitals; 2. the extension of the life-span of people; 3. to equip the X-ray room with modem apparatuses; 4. the citizens of Russia have the right to a sick-leave pay; 5. the development of the standard of Public Health; 6. the quality of medical care; 7. air pollution; 8. at the Trade Union expense; 9. to eliminate the causes of children mortality; 10. to serve the population with medical aid
Lesson 52
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
1. частный врач; 2. оборудовать контору; 3. дать совет; 4. оказать медицинскую помощь; 5. стоимость медицинского обслуживания; 6. получать большой доход;
7. широкие вопросы медицины; 8. стоять перед сложной проблемой; 9. по
советовать обратиться к врачу; 10. обеспечивать всех бесплатным медицинским
уходом
1. a private doctor; 2. to equip an office; 3. to give an advice; 4. to give a medical advice (help, aid); 5. the cost of medical service; 6. toget (receive) a large income; 7. broad questions of medicine; 8. to face a complex problem; 9. to advice to see (consult) a doctor; 10. to provide free medical care for everybody
Lesson 53.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
1. частная медицинская практика; 2. устранить загрязнение воздуха; 3. охранять окружающую среду; 4. население нашей страны; 5. хорошо оборудованные современные лаборатории; 6. широкая сеть медицинских учреждений; 7. стоять перед проблемой выбора лечения; 8. ничего не стоить
1. a private medical practice; 2. to eliminate air pollution; 3. to protect the surrounding environment; 4. the population of our country; 5. well-equipped modem laboratories; 6. a broad network of medical institutions; 7. to face the problem of the choice of treatment; 8. to cost nothing
II. Answer the following questions:
1. Are there private doctors in our country? 2. Who usually consults a private doctor in our country? 3. At what medical institutions can we get a medical advice? 4. What is the average life-span in our country? 5. What measures does our State undertake to eliminate the pollution of the surrounding environment? 6. What is the quality of medical service in our country? 7. Why must we fight against noise in a city?
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