1. If a student studies regularly during the whole academic year he will not fail at the examinations. 2. A strict diet failed toeliminate the recurring pains in the stomach. 3. What is the most common cause of heart failure? 4. The failure of blood supply of the lower extremity may cause the inflammation of the blood vessels.
III. Answer the following and check it up:
1. In what cases may the electrocardiogram readings be deviated? 2. In what disease does the pain in the heart radiate to the left shoulder and down the arm? 3. What instrumental examination helps to reveal/any heart disturbances? 4. What kind of heart sounds are called diminished? 5. Why must a patient always receive an adequate dose of any drug? 6. Above what level must the temperature rise to become elevated?
1. in any heart disease; 2. in angina pectoris; 3. electrocardiograms; 4. those which are not loud enough; 5. not to cause unfavourable reaction (response); 6. above 37° С
Lesson 39. Lab. Work 44.
I. Translate the following andtfhcck up your answers:
A. 1. устранить опасность кровотечения; 2. страдать от сильных приступов кашля; 3. разрез длиной в 3 см; 4. кроме этих лабораторных данных; 5. наложить повязку на рану; 6. остановка сердечной деятельности; 7. исключить пищевое отравление; 8. полное повреждение соединительной ткани; 9. привести к параличу сердца; 10. быть следствием гриппа
1. to eliminate the danger of haemorrhage; 2. to suffer from bad attacks of cough; 3. the incision three cm in length; 4. besides these laboratory findings; 5. to put a bandage on the wound; 6. a cardiac arrest; 7. to exclude food poisoning; 8. a complete damage to the connective tissue; 9. to result in heart failure; 10. to result from the grippe
Б. 1. быть в большой опасности; 2. перенести много болезней в детстве; 3. закрыть разрез наружного кожного слоя; 4. делать инъекции в дополнение к лекарствам, принимаемым внутрь; 5. перевязать кровеносные сосуды; 6. приостановить развитие кровотечения; 7. быть выключенным из тока крови; 8. серьезное повреждение кровеносных сосудов; 9. привести к полному выздоровлению; 10. произойти в результате постоянного перенапряжения
1. to be in a great danger; 2. to suffer many diseases in childhood; 3. to close the incision of the external skin layer; 4. to give injections besides medicines taken orally; 5. to bandage blood vessels; 6. to arrest the development of haemorrhage; 7. to be excluded from the blood flow; 8. a serious damage to the blood vessels; 9. to result in complete recovery; 10. to result from constant overstrain
II. Answer the following questions:
1. Where does the surgeon make an incision in case of the operation for appendicitis? 2. Who usually bandages wounds at a surgical department of a hospital? 3. What complications may result from the grippe? 4. How can some kinds of congenital heart defects be treated? 5. What must be done to arrest the development of a severe external haemorrhage? 6. What must a doctor do to exclude any possible mistakes in making a diagnosis? 7. In case of what disease does the damage to the blood vessels develop?
Lesson 40. Lab. Work 45.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. увеличенная селезенка; 2. дифференцировать диагноз; 3. очаги воспаления; 4. Начальная стадия заболевания; 5. потеря чувствительности; 6. откачивать гной; 7. постоянное уплотнение; 8. предшествовать сердечному приступу; 9. исследовать отдаленные результаты; 10. быть следствием фибрилляции
1. the enlarged spleen; 2. to differentiate the diagnosis; 3. the foci of inflammation; 4. the initial stage of a disease; 5. the loss of sensitivity; 6. to evacuate pus; 7. a permanent thickening; 8. to precede the heart attack; 9. to investigate the follow-ups; 10. to result from fibrillation
-Ж1. при наличии любых нарушений; 2. выявить сердечные шумы; 3. остановка сердца; 4. предупредительные меры; 5. лечиться по поводу сердечно-сосудистой недостаточности; 6. провести операцию на сердце под гипотермией; 7. отклоненный от нормы; 8. часто наблюдаемые признаки; 9. подниматься постепенно;
10. незначительное повышение уровня белка
£j I. in the presence of any impairments; 2. to reveal heart murmurs; 3. a cardiac arrest; 4. preventive measures; 5. to be treated for cardiovascular insufficiency; 6. to perform the operation on the heart under hypothermia; 7. deviated from the normal; 8. the frequently observed signs; 9. to rise gradually; 10. a slight elevation of the protein level
11. Put the verbs in brackets in the proper tense:
1. Thirty years ago more than 40 per cent of all heart attack patients (to die) within two months. Today eight out often patients who (to suffer) a myocardial infarction (to return) to their previous job. 2. Lately diagnostic laboratories where various tests can (to perform) at the same time (to found) in our country. Everyone (to know) how much time a complete medical examination (to take) and these laboratories (to enable) the doctors to perform the whole examination within a considerably shorter period of time.
1. died, have suffered, return; 2. be performed,, have been founded, knows, takes, enable III. Answer the following and check it up:
What is: 1. a rapid beating of the heart called? 2. the spontaneous and independent contraction of individual muscle fibers called? 3. a feeling of uneasiness called? 4. the state of feeling tired called? 5. a thick white or yellowish discharge from a wound called?
1. palpitation; 2. fibrillation; 3. a malaise; 4. a fatigue; 5. pus
Lesson 41. Lab. Work 46.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. найти редкий элемент; 2. прободная язва желудка; 3. способствовать приступу острой боли; 4. иметь влияние на исход болезни; 5. перемежающаяся лихорадка; 6. страдать от тошноты; 7. присоединиться к большинству; 8. постепенное затихание болезненных явлений; 9. развить нейрогенную теорию; 10 судорожные сокращения
1. to find a rare element; 2. a perforated(ing) gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer); 3. to contribute to an attack of an acute pain; 4. to have an influence on the outcome of the disease; 5. intermittent fever; 6. to suffer from nausea; 7. to join the majority; 8. a gradual remission; 9. to develop a neurogenous theory; 10. spastic contractions
Б. 1. разряженная атмосфера; 2. сквозное ранение; 3. содействовать развитию науки; 4. влиять на ход лечения болезни; 5. пульс с перебоями; 6. сопровождаться тяжелой тошнотой; 7. в большинстве случаев; 8. страдать от трофических язв голени; 9. изучать причины возникновения и развития болезненного процесса в организме; 10. разъедание пораженной области желудочным соком
1. rare atmosphere; 2. a perforated wound; 3. to contribute to the development of science; 4. to influence the course of the treatment of a disease; 5. an intermittent pulse; 6. to be accompanied by severe nausea; 7. in the majority of cases; 8. to suffer from trophic ulcers of the leg; 9. to study pathogenesis; 10. the erosion of the affected area by the gastric juice
II. Give the words of the close meaning and check it up:
1. an effect; 2. one that is jjpt very often; 3. the state that precedes vomiting; 4. most of the cases; 5. to cause an opening in the tissues; 6. not constant, with intervals; 7. to help to bring about something
1. an influence; 2. rare; 3 nausea; 4. the majority of the cases; 5. to perforate; 6. intermittent; 7. to contribute to
HI. Answer the following and check it up:
1. What causes may contribute to the onset of ulcers of the stomach? 2. What diseases may be accompanied by intermittent fever? 3. What inner organ disturbances usually cause nausea? 4. What kind of pain is most characteristic of perforating ulcer? 5. What may the majority of cases of perforating ulcers be complicated by? 6. Why is the process of breathing so difficult in the rare air? 7. What influence does irregular diet make on the functions of the stomach?
1. irregular diet, heavy food, alcohol; 2. malaria, tuberculosis; 3. of the alimentary tract; 4. acute pain; 5. by haemorrhage; 6. because of lack of oxygen; 7. unfavourable, contributes to the development of ulcers
Lesson 42. Lab. Work 47.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. пустой желудок; 2. остановить сильное кровотечение; 3. увеличенные шейные лимфатические узлы; 4. поддержать чье-либо предложение; 5. обнаружить злокачественные клетки в крови; 6. остаться в живых; 7. тяжелое расстройство
пищеварения; 8. Наследственное заболевание; 9. наводить на мысль о плохом здоровье; 10. принять горячую пишу
1. an empty stomach; 2. to arrest profuse bleeding; 3. enlarged cervical lymph nodes; 4. to support somebody's suggestion; 5. to reveal malignant cells in the blood; 6. to remain alive; 7. a bad disturbance of digestion; 8. a hereditary disease; 9. to suggest bad health; 10. to take hot food
Б. 1. натощак; 2. сопровождаться наружным кровотечением; 3. обнаружить увеличение лимфатических узлов; 4. подкрепляться важными фактами; 5. поставить диагноз злокачественного новообразования; 6. оставаться в хорошем состоянии; 7. быстрое переваривание (усвоение) пищи; 8. теория наследственного развития рака; 9. предполагать возможность анемии; 10. принять горячую ванну
1. on an empty stomach; 2. to be accompanied by external bleeding; 3. to reveal the enlargement of lymph nodes; 4. to be supported by important facts; 5. to make the diagnosis of a malignant growth; 6. to remain in a good state; 7. rapid digestion of food; 8. the theory of the hereditary development of cancer; 9. to suggest the possibility of anaemia;
10. to have a hot bath
11. Translate the following and check it up:
1. При рентгенологическом исследовании не было обнаружено никакой опухоли в желудке. 2. У этого больного не было никаких наследственных заболеваний. 3. Больной не жаловался ни на какое расстройство пищеварения.
1. No tumour in the stomach was revealed on the X-ray examination. 2. This patient had no hereditary diseases. 3. The patient complained of no digestion disturbance.
III. Answer the following questions:
1. What part of the body is called epigastrium? 2. What kind of disease is peritonitis?
3. What are metastases? 4. When is the patient given barium meal? 5. What process is
called degeneration?
Lesson 43. Lab. Work 48.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. l. задержка мочи; 2. определить болезненность живота; 3. удалить опухоль;
4. под влиянием; 5. в большинстве случаев; 6. наводить на мысль о прободной
язве; 7. потеря аппетита и веса; 8. редкий случай внутреннего кровотечения;
9. быть характерным для этого заболевания; 10. оставаться в том же самом
состоянии
1. the retention of urine; 2. to determine the tenderness of the abdomen; 3. to remove the growth (tumour); 4. under the influence; 5. in the majority of cases; 6. to suggest perforating(ed) ulcer; 7. the loss of appetite and weight; 8. a rare case of internal haemorrhage (bleeding); 9. to be characteristic of this disease; 10. to remain in the same state
Б. 1. задержка стула; 2. чувствовать умеренную болезненность при пальпаци-и; 3. устранить причины недомогания; 4'. способствовать началу язвы двенадцатиперстной кишки; 5. страдать от рвоты; 6. наследственный порок сердца;
7. перемежающаяся лихорадка; 8. сопровождаться тошнотой; 9. мне то жарко, то холодно; 10. пустая палата
1. the retention of stool; 2. to feel moderate tenderness on palpation;. 3. to remove the causes of malaise; 4. to contribute to the onset of the duodenal ulcer; 5. to suffer from vomiting; 6. a hereditary heart defect; 7. an intermittent fever; 8. to be accompanied by nausea; 9.1 am now hot, now cold; 10. an empty ward
II. Answer the following and check it up: A. What is
1. a causative agent? 2. malaise? 3. fibrillation? 4. anaemia?
1. the microorganism that causes a certain disease; 2. the state of the organism when one is neither well nor ill; 3. irregular contractions of atria and ventricles; 4. the decrease of the red blood cell count
Б. 1. Is the appetite of the patient suffering from gastric carcinoma increased or reduced? 2. Is the highest incidence of gastric carcinoma observed at ages from 20 to 30 or from 50 to 60? 3. Do the clinical manifestations of gastric carcinoma vary with the stage of the developmen of the disease or with the age and sex of the patient?
1. it is reduced; 2. from 50 to 60; 3. with the stage of the development of the disease
Lesson 44. Lab. Work 49.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. одновременное поражение нескольких органов; 2. весь медицинский персонал; 3. хорошо перенести операцию; 4. благодаря усилиям всех врачей; 5. приступ острой желтухи; 6.(Иреяупредить последующие осложнения; 7. определить источник заболевания; 8. пожилой мужчина; 9. запущенная форма заболевания; 10. желчный пузырь
1. simultaneous damage to (lesion of) some organs; 2. the entire medical personnel; 3. to survive the operation well; 4. thanks to the efforts of all the doctors; 5. the attack of acute jaundice; 6. to prevent subsequent complications; 7. to determine the source of a disease; 8. an elderly male (man); 9. an advanced form (stage) of a disease; 10. a bile cyst
Б. 1. проводить различные наблюдения одновременно; 2. все течение заболевания; 3. прожить много лет после операции; 4. сделать большое усилие; 5. поставить диагноз врожденной желтухи; 6. поразить печень впоследствии; 7. исследовать все возможные источники воспаления; 8. пожилая женщина;
9. выдвинуть интересное предположение; 10. желчный проток
I. to carry out various observations simultaneously; 2. the entire course of a disease; 3. to survive many years after the operation; 4. to make a great effort; 5. to diagnose congenital jaundice; 6. to affect the liver subsequently; 7. to investigate all possible sources of inflammation; 8. an elderly female (woman); 9. to advance an interesting suggestion;
10. a bile duct passage
II. Answer the following and check It up:
1. At what temperature may some viruses survive? 2. Who may be the source of virus in case of the grippe? 3. Why is it difficult to cure an advanced case of cancer? 4. Where is bile produced in the human body? 5. What colour are the sclerae of the patient with
jaundice? 6. What effort must any doctor put into the treatment of a patient with advanced stage of a disease? 7. Why do diseases usually develop easier in elderly people? 8. Is it easy or difficult for an elderly person to survive any operation?
1. high; 2. a sick man; 3. because of the spread of metastases; 4. in the bile cyst;
5. yellow; 6. great; 7. because of a weakened organism; 8 difficult
Lesson 45. Lab. Work 50.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
1. при неотложном случае; 2. приблизительный уровень сахара в крови; 3. обнаружить сильное раздражение кожи; 4. лечиться по поводу алиментарного запора; 5. перевязать рану; 6. физическое и умственное перенапряжение; 7. сухость во рту; 8. быть влажным от холодного пота; 9. быть чрезвычайно опасным для жизни; 10. внутрипеченочные и внепеченочные протоки
1. in case of emergency; 2. the approximate level of blood sugar; 3. to find out bad skin irritation; 4. to be treated for alimentary constipation; 5. to bandage a wound;
6. physical and mental overstrain; 7.. dryness in the mouth; 8. to be moist with cold per
spiration; 9. to be highly dangerous to life; 10. intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts
II. Insert the necessary word from those given in brackets. Check them up:
1.... operation having been performed, the patient's life was.... 2. When the dermatologist was examining the patient he... a bad... of the skin on the chest. 3. As elderly people often suffer from... they must follow a... diet. 4. The case being..., the surgeon could not say even... how much time the treatment would....
(advanced, emergency, revealed, constipation, require, saved, approximately, irritation, light)
1. emergency; saved; 2. revealed, irritation; 3. constipation, light; 4. advanced, approximately, require
Lesson 46. Lab. Work 51.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
1. задержка стула; 2. чувствовать сухость во рту; 3. поражение печени; 4. закупорка кровеносных сосудов; 5. раздражение кожи; 6. частота случаев нарушений кровоснабжения; 7. очевидность мышечной напряженности; 8. чувствовать болезненность в правой нижней части живота; 9. степень выживания при неотложных операциях; 10. кроме (в Добавление к) диеты(е)
1. a stool retention; 2. to feel dryness in the mouth; 3. a liver damage; 4. the obstruction of blood vessels; 5. skin irritation; 6. the incidence of blood supply disturbances; 7. the evidence of muscular intensity; 8. to feel tenderness in the right lower portion of the abdomen; 9. the rate of survival in the emergency surgery; 10. in addition to the diet
II. Answer the following and check it up:
1. At what age do people usually suffer from constipation? 2. What changes are observed in the blood sugar level in diabetes? 3. What drugs can be administered to patients suffering from nervous irritation? 4. In case of what disease must an emergency surgery be performed? 5. What infectious diseases are accompanied by rash? 6. What character-
istic skin pigmentation is observed in patients with jaundice? 7. What does biopsy contribute to? 8. What findings approximate or exact must a researcher have to draw a correct conclusion?
1. at an elderly age; 2. it is elevated; 3. sedatives; 4. acute appendicitis; 5. jaundice, scarlet fever, etc.; 6. yellow; 7. to revealing malignant cells; 8. exact
Lesson 47. Lab. Work 52.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. оказать влияние на состояние больного; 2. наводить на мысль о вну-трибрюшном кровотечении; 3. удалить воспаленный аппендикс; 4. задержка мочи; 5. одновременное нарушение функций нескольких органов; 6. раздражающая сыпь; 7. в неотложных случаях; 8. в среднем составлять приблизительно 10 %; 9. способствовать заживлению раны; 10. проникать в брюшную полость
1. to influence the patient's state (condition); 2. to suggest intra-abdominal bleeding; 3. to remove the inflamed appendix; 4. the retention of urine; 5. a simultaneous impairment of the functions of several organs; 6. an irritating rash; 7. in emergency cases;
8. to average 10 % approximately; 9. to contribute to the healing of the wound; 10. to
perforate into the abdominal cavity
Б. 1. в большинстве случаев ремиссий; 2. поддержать его выводы; 3. не выявить болезненность при пальпации; 4. последующие пробы на жёлчь; 5. лечить запущенный случай злокачественного новообразования; 6. весь процесс кровоснабжения; 7. неотложная медицинская помощь; 8. не требовать никаких усилий;
9. наблюдать появление сыви;™гО. сквозная рана в легком
1. in tile majority of cases of remissions; 2. to support his conclusions; 3. to fail to reveal tenderness on palpation; 4. subsequent tests for bile; 5. to treat an advanced case of a malignant growth (tumour); 6. the entire process of blood supply; 7. an emergency medical help (aid): 8. to require no efforts; 9. to observe the appearance of rash; 10. a perforated (ing) wound of the lung
II. Translate the following and check it up.
(Complex Object, Subject; Absolute Participle Construction)
1. Мы наблюдали, как хирург оперировал этого больного по поводу редкого случая сквозного ранения сердца. 2. Врач предполагал, что больной перенесет операцию хорошо. 3. Сообщалось, что больной страдает длительными запорами. 4. Считали, что этот случай был уже очень запущенным. 5. Когда был поставлен диагноз гнойного гангренозного холецистита, была произведена срочная операция. 6. Больной страдал от абдоминального кровотечения, причем оно было сильным и обильным.
1. We observed the surgeon operating on this patient for a rare case of the perforating wound of the heart. 2. The doctor expected the patient to survive the operation well. 3. The patient was reported to suffer from prolonged constipations. 4. The case was considered to have been far advanced. 5. The diagnosis of purulent gangrenous cholecystitis having been made, an emergency operation was performed. 6. The patient has been suffering from abdominal bleeding, it being severe and profuse.
Lesson 48. Lab. Work 53.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. применяемые процедуры; 2. ввести физиологический раствор; 3. предыдущее поступление в больницу; 4. недостаточное число красных кровяных телеи; 5. подкожное введение лекарства; 6. повредить внутренние органы; 7. относительные изменения; 8. жизненная емкость легких; 9. эффективное противоядие; 10. внедрение (проникновение) болезнетворных микроорганизмов
1. the employed procedures; 2. to inject saline solution; 3. a previous admission to the hospital; 4. the lacking number of red blood cells; 5. a subcutaneous injection of medicine; 6. to injure some inner organs; 7. relative changes; 8. vital capacity of the lungs; 9. an effective antidote; 10. the invasion of viral microorganisms
Б. 1. применять новую хирургическую методику; 2. введенное лекарство; 3. Оперироваться раньше (ранее); 4. полное отсутствие желчи; 5. делатьподкожну-ю вакцинацию; 6. пораженные ткани правой ноги; 7. в отношении вашего здоровья; 8. нарушение жизненных функций организма; 9. достаточное количество определенного противоядия; 10. естественное проникновение мельчайших вирусов
1. to employ a new surgical technique; 2. the injected medicine; 3. to be operated on previously; 4. a complete lack of bile; 5. to give subcutaneous vaccination; 6. the injured tissues of the right leg; 7. relative to your health; 8. the disturbance of the vital functions of the body; 9. a sufficient amount of a certain antidote; 10. the natural invasion of the smallest viruses
II. Answer the following questions:
1. In case of what disease is the lack of red blood cells observed? 2. In what ways may medicines be injected? 3. What treatment is employed in the abscess of the brain? 4. Is a cough mixture administered for oral or subcutaneous use? 5. What medical specialist treats the cases with injured extremities? 6. When was your previous group meeting held? 7. What was it relative to?
Lesson 49. Lab. Work 54.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. благоприятный исход; 2. жаловаться на сильную боль в спине; 3. гладко протекающее выздоровление; 4. исследовать мазок на дифтерийные бактерии;
5. провести чрезвычайные меры; 6. отрицательный результат посева на
пневмококки; 7. незначительно увеличенное количество; 8. способствовать
очищению горла; 9. слизистая глотки и гортани; 10. сомневаться в постановке
диагноза
1. a favourable outcome; 2. to complain of a severe backache; 3. a smooth convalescence; 4. to examine the smear for diaphtheria bacilli; 5. to carry out extreme measures;
6. negative culture for pneumococci; 7. a slightly increased amount; 8. to contribute to
the clearing up of the throat; 9. the membrane of the pharynx and larynx; 10. to doubt
making the diagnosis
Б. 1. предупредить летальный исход; 2. купировать боль в спине; 3. выздоровление протекает благоприятно; 4. взять мазок на анализ; 5. действовать чрезвычайно осторожно; 6. провести посев мазка; 7. поставить соответственный диагноз; 8. применять лечение антитоксином; 9. полностью устранить опасность летального исхода; 10. находиться в бредовом состоянии
1. to prevent a fatal outcome; 2. to control the backache; 3. the convalescence is advancing favourably; 4. to take the smear for analysis; 5. to act extremely carefully;
6. to carry out the smear culture (the culture of the smear); 7. to make an adequate
diagnosis; 8. to employ an antitoxin treatment; 9. to eliminate completely the danger of
the fatal outcome; 10. to be in the state of delirium
II. Answer the following and check it up:
A patient with what ache 1) does a neurologist treat, 2) does a dentist treat, 3) does a gastrointerologist treat, 4) does an otolaringologist treat, 5) does a urologist treat? 1. a headache; 2. a toothache; 3. a stomachache; 4. an earache; 5. a backache
Lesson 50. Lab. Work 55.
I. Translate the following and check up your answers:
A. 1. достаточное количество жидкости; 2. определить жизненную емкость легких; 3. быть в состоянии полного изнеможения; 4. гладко протекающее выздоровление; 5. взять мазок на посев; 6. нейтрализовать токсические вещества;
7. ощущать сухость во рту; 8. произвести срочную операцию; 9. предыдущий
приступ боли; 10. крайне опасные лихорадочные симптомы
1. a sufficient amount of fluid; 2, to determine the vital capacity of the lungs; 3. to be in the state of complete prostration; 4. a smooth convalescence; 5. to take the smear for culture; 6. to neutralize toxic substances; 7. to feel dryness in the mouth; 8. to perform an emergency operation (surgery); 9. a previous attack of pain; 10. extremely dangerous feverish symptoms
Б. 1. подкожное введение лекарства; 2. по поводу поврежденной голени; 3. нехватка кислорода; 4. при предыдущем поступлении в хирургическое отделение; 5. распад тканей; 6. закончиться благоприятным исходом; 7. крайняя утомляемость; 8. в период выздоровления; 9. устранить боль в спине; 10. применить медикаментозное лечение
1. a subcutaneous injection of medicine; 2. relative to the injured leg; 3. the lack of oxygen; 4. on previous admission to the surgical department (unit); 5. the disintegration of tissues; 6. to result in a favourable outcome; 7. extreme fatigue; 8. during the period of convalescence; 9. to eliminate the backache; 10. to employ medicine treatment
II. Answer the following questions:
1. How can injections be given? 2. What specialist must one consult if one has an injured extremity? 3. For what purposes is X-ray examination employed? 4. What disease results from an extreme lack of red blood cells? 5. Relative to what subject was the last lecture in Physiology delivered? 6. In case of what infectious disease is the smear taken for culture? 7. In what patients does the convalescence develop smoothly?
Cycle VI. Topic Questions
LOBULAR PNEUMONIA
1. What does lobular pneumonia usually develop after? 2. What course is fever usually characterized by? 3. What are temperature changes caused by? 4. For how many weeks may fever persist? 5. What is the usual respiratory rate in lobular pneumonia? 6. What are breathlessness and cyanosis of the face associated with? 7. What does the patient with lobular pneumonia complain of? 8. What does the physical examination of such a patient reveal? 9. What do the findings of blood and urine analyses in lobular pneumonia reveal? 10. What does the X-ray examination of the lungs in lobular pneumonia show?
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
1. What is pulmonary tuberculosis caused by? 2. What does the invasion of myco-bacterium tuberculosis produce in the lungs? 3. What organs may this disease affect?
4. When and by whom was the causative agent of tuberculosis discovered? 5. What does
the patient usually complain of in the early stage of tuberculosis? 6. What kind of cough
is observed in tuberculosis? 7. What does the microscopic examination of sputum re
veal? 8. When may the discharge of blood become profuse? 9. What is the temperature
characterized by in benign and active forms of the disease? 10. What forms of tuberculo
sis are accompanied by cold profuse perspiration at night? 11. What is loss of body weight
caused by in case of this disease?
PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS
1. When does primary tuberculosis usually begin? 2. What organs does primary tuberculosis affect? 3. By what tests is primary tuberculosis revealed? 4. What other examination may ТВ be revealed by? 5. What symptoms are characteristic of primary ТВ? 6. Where are consolidations sometimes revealed on physical examination? 7. What rales are heard in the involved lung? 8. What does a favourable course of primary ТВ lead to? 9. What may primary ТВ lead to in unfavourable cases?
RHEUMATIC ENDOCARDITIS
1. What are the main complaints of a patient with rheumatic endocarditis? 2. What temperature may a patient have for a prolonged period of time? 3. What may the onset of the disease be preceded by? 4. What may the pulse rate become on physical exertion?
5. What does the blood analysis reveal? 6. What changes are observed in the size of the
heart? 7. What murmurs are heard in the heart? 8. The evidence of what process are the
heart murmurs? 9. Where are organic changes clearly marked? 10. What regimen must
the patient with rheumatic endocarditis follow?
ANGINA PECTORIS
1. What pain does the patient with angina pectoris suffer from? 2. Where does the pain usually radiate to? 3. When does pain frequently begin? 4. What is the incidence of attacks of pain associated with? 5. Where does the doctor reveal areas of very sensitive skin? 6. What does the electrocardiogram taken during the attack show? 7. During what
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