Heart (Part 2)

There are four cavities in our heart. The two upper cavities are atriums and the two lower ones are ventricles. The ventricles are opened and closed with four valves.

The heart is within a strong fibrous bag known as the pericardium. The heart consists of three layers: the epicardium, the myocardium and the endocardium. The epicardium and endocardium consist of connective tissue. The muscular tissue of the heart is known as the myocardium.

Heart action regulation is provided by important nervous connections, especially with the vagus and sympathetic nerves.

The heart valves make the noise known as heart sounds. At each heartbeat the two atriums contract and push their contents into the ventricles.

In adults the heart makes from 70 to 75 beats per minute while in children it beats much faster.

There is a period of rest for the muscle between the beats. This rest period is shorter during greater activity and longer when the body is quiet.

On average the heart is in a state of contraction for about one third of our life.

3. Answer the questions.

1. How many cavities are there in our heart? 2. What bag is our heart within? 3. How many layers does the heart consist of? 4. What important connections are there in the heart? 5. How many beats does the heart make in adults and in children?

4. Learn the following words and word combinations.
pulse - пульс rate - частота

to take a pulse - прощупувати пульс rhythm - ритм

radial - радіальний; променевий result - результат

fast - швидкий beating - пульсація; серцебиття

deep - глибокий to note - помічати

shallow - поверхневий to count - рахувати, лічити

to calm - заспокоювати

5. Read the text.

How to Take a Pulse

As you know you can control the work of your heart taking your pulse. And it is not difficult. Put three fingers of your left hand over the radial artery on your right hand and count the beatings.

Every nurse must be careful when she takes the patient's pulse. Many patients are nervous when they see a doctor or a nurse and the patient's pulse is faster as a result.

The nurse must wait a few minutes, calm the patient and only then begin to count the pulse. She must pay attention to any changes in the pulse and note if it is deep or shallow, the rate, the rhythm and the strength of beating. Changes in the pulse are very important and the nurse must immediately tell the doctor about them.

6. Demonstrate on your neighbour how to take a pulse, comment your actions.

7. Translate the word combinations into English.

Вимірювати пульс, серцебиття, зміни пульсу пацієнта, не важко, три пальці лівої руки, променева артерія, зачекати кілька хвилин, заспокоїти пацієта, порахувати пульс, бачити зміни, сила биття, нервуватися, негайно повідомити лікаря.

8. Read the joke.

Laughter Is the Best Medicine

Doctor's wife: Now, my dear, you must forget your profession if you go to see our friends with me.

Her husband: What have I done?

Doctor's wife: Why do you feel the pulse of everyone who gives you a hand?
Heart Diseases

Тема 19. Серцева недостатність

Дата добавления: 2015-08-13