6. These achievements can be rightly called wonders of the modern world.
7. However, they failed to make our life easier and more comfortable.
6. Расскажите о величайших изобретениях в истории человечества (2 минуты). Сначала еще раз просмотрите текст Technological progress, найдите и запишите информацию, касающуюся следующих вопросов:
1) greatest inventions; 2) their importance for the mankind.
Part 2. Computers*
I. Прочитайте новые слова и их перевод:
Enhance – улучшать Milestone – этап, веха Trace – прослеживаться, восходить к Colossus – колосс Decipher – расшифровывать Tube – труба, трубка Come into being – возникнуть, появиться | Advancement – продвижение, развитие Dependable – надежный, заслуживающий доверия Tremendous – огромный Breakthrough – прорыв, достижение Circuit – цепь Trigger – дать начало |
1. Выберите 3–5 слов и составьте с ними предложения.
2. Перед прочтением текста ответьте на вопросы:
a) Do you have a computer? Can you describe it? Do you know what it was like many years ago?
3. Прочитайте текст и запишите все основные даты и события.
Computers
Modern world of Hi-Tech could not have come about, except for computers. They have opened a new era in the manufacture’s automation and greatly enhanced modern communication systems.
Who invented the computer is not the question with a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors from different countries contributed to the computer history. A computer is a complex machine made up of many parts, each being a separate invention.
There are many milestones in the computer history. The earliest of them can be traced to an English inventor Charles Babbage who in 1834 designed an «analytical machine» that theoretically could do some of the operations, a modern computer does now. However, it has never been built because of its huge size.
The first generation of what can be called a real computer was «the Colossus», an enormous machine put into operation in England in 1943. But the machine was designed for one operation only: deciphering the German codes in World War II.
The first general-purpose computer was invented in 1946 in the University of Pennsylvania, USA. Unfortunately, these computers, as well as the vacuum tube models that followed them, were huge, slow, expensive and very often unreliable.
The first computer hard disk was invented in 1956 and later, in 1968, the computer mouse came into being.
In 1959–1964 there came the era of transistor computers. It didn’t last long, but it was no less important in the computer technology advancement.
The second generation computers were faster, simpler, more dependable and cheaper. They could carry out some thousand operations per second.
A tremendous breakthrough became the computers of the third generation (1965–1970). The invention of the integrated circuits allowed to reduce both the size and cost of these computers, further increasing their power (up to 10 million operations per second).
The fourth generation computers (beginning with 1971) can be characterized, first of all, by the jump to monolithic integrated circuits. But what really triggered the tremendous growth of computers and their significant impact on our lives was the invention of the microprocessor. It led to the invention of personal computers capable to perform over 50 million operations per second.
Today we have new models of computers that can perform over 100 million operations per second. And what’s ahead? Perhaps, future computers will have several million transistors in one chip and will be able to perform billions or even trillions of operations in a single second. Who knows? Time will show.
4. Переведите на английский язык:
1) Мир высоких технологий; 2) системы связи; 3) автоматизация производства; 4) вносить вклад; расширять, наступать; 5) сложная машина, состоящая из многих деталей; 6) транзисторные компьютеры; 7) дорогой, ненадежный; 8) дешевый, простой, более надежный; 9) огромного размера; 10) компьютеры первого поколения; 11) различные этапы истории; 12) увеличивать мощность; 13) сконструировать аналитическую машину; 14) давать возможность, позволять; 15) запустить в действие; 16) расшифровка кода; 17) огромный прорыв; 18) создать микросхемы, интегральные схемы; 19) продвижение компьютерных технологий; 20) уменьшать размеры и стоимость; 21) изобретение персонального компьютера; 22) выполнять несколько/сотни миллионов операций в секунду; 23) на одном чипе; 24) что впереди? 25) включать миллион транзисторов; 26) оказать значительное влияние.
5. Закончите предложения.
1. Computers are complex... made up of many....
2. Each computer part is a separate....
3. Many inventors from various countries... to the history of computers.
4. The earliest real computer’s name was....
5. This computer was designed for...
6. The first general-purpose computers were invented in....
7. The era of the transistor computers came in....
8. The third generation computers became a tremendous....
9. The invention of... allowed to reduce the computer... and....
10. The invention of microprocessors helped to increase the computer....
11. It led to the invention of....
12. Modern computers are capable of performing… operations per…
Part 3. Internet
I. Прочитайте новые слова и их перевод:
Ordinary – обычный Network – сеть Embrace – охватывать, содержать Host – главный компьютер, ведущий узел (в сети) Accurate – точный Fairly – довольно, в некоторой степени Approximately – приблизительно, примерно Surf – переходить с одного сайта на другой, «бродить» по сети Dedicated – посвященный, предназначенный для Telnet – сетевой теледоступ FTP server (File Transfer Protocol server) – сервер с программой передачи данных Instantaneous – мгновенный | Wealth – богатство Search – поиск Browser – браузер, веб-обозреватель, навигатор Broadband connection – широкополостная связь (технология, способная обеспечить одновременную передачу голоса, данных, видео) Dial-up – коммутируемый (подключение по телефонной линии (с помощью модема)) Service – сервис, обслуживание, оказание услуг Match– подходить, соответствовать Query – запрос To own – владеть To browse – просматривать Cellular phone – сотовый телефон |
1. *Работая в группах, выберите 5 слов и дайте их определения. Запишите только определения и обменяйтесь списком с другими группами. По определениям догадайтесь, какие слова выбрала другая группа. Пример: to surf – to go from one site to another.
2. Прочитайте текст и скажите, что вы можете делать, используя Интернет.
Internet
The Internet has already entered our ordinary life. Everybody knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundreds of millions of users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other.
Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America. It is clear that the accurate number of users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet today, because there are hundreds of millions of users and their number is growing.
Some computers like servers share data, others just surf the web as clients downloading the data.
Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of people use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the internet clubs or at work. Other popular services are available on the Internet too. It is reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc.
The Internet is very helpful, because it’s a huge database of knowledge, from the pictures of family trips to an analysis of quantum mechanics. Everyone should have the Internet because of its near instantaneous communication and huge wealth of knowledge. But how to go on the Internet and do a search for information we need. There are two ways to do it.
The first is when you know an Internet address of data you need and the second one is when you try to find information you need by using a search program. In the beginning you have to enter any browser you like. It could be an Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Opera, etc. If we have a broadband connection, we connect to the Internet at once. If not, we have to set up and connect to our dial-up service. Finally, if we want to find some information in the Internet, we are to type an address of this data in the browser we use or simply use the existing search-programs such as the Google search program, Rambler search program, Yandex search program or Yahoo search program.
They are very simple and popular networks of sites. In these programs we can just type the word or name of thing we would like to find and then press enter. A search program solves this problem. We get our results in the same window. After we get our results, we simply choose whatever site best matches our query or keep searching.
Besides data one can get from the Internet, we can also send and receive e-mail or electronic mail. This internet service is cheaper than ordinary mail and much quicker. It is becoming popular day by day. We can get some news from the Internet, because there are many informational servers in the web.
Nowadays we no longer have to own a computer to access the Internet. Now devices such as Web TV allow our television to browse the Web and use Electronic Mail. Cellular phones are now also dialing up the Internet to provide E-mail and answering machine services.
3. Переведите на английский язык. Не забывайте ставить слова в их начальную форму.
1) Глобальная компьютерная сеть, 2) общаться друг с другом, 3) главный компьютер; 4) точное количество пользователей; 5) делиться информацией; 6) «бродить» по сети; 7) загружать/скачивать информацию; 8) самая популярная интернет-услуга; 9) использовать Интернет для отправки и получения электронной почты; 10) новости, доступные на некоторых серверах; 11) сетевой теледоступ; 12) сервер с программой передачи данных; 13) огромная база данных знаний; 14) почти мгновенное общение; 15) искать информацию, которая нам нужна; 16) два способа сделать это; 17) широкополосное подключение; 18) мгновенно подключиться к Интернету; 19) напечатать адрес в браузере; 20) использовать поисковую программу; 21) нажать «ввод»; 22) в том же окне; 23) соответствовать нашему запросу; 24) иметь доступ в Интернет; 25) сотовый телефон; 26) обеспе-чивать услуги электронной почты и автоответчика.
4. Пользуясь текстом, опишите 2 способа поиска информации в Интернете.
II. Прочитайте новые слова и их перевод:
Security – безопасность Constantly – постоянно Towards – по направлению Destination – место назначения Router– маршрутизатор Intercept – перехватить Encoding – кодирование, шифрование Withstand – устоять, выдержать Crack – взламывать (компьютерную программу) Amount – количество Circulate – циркулировать Tremendous – огромный | Severe – зд. cерьезный, тяжелый Withdrawal – изъятие, выход Obsession – навязчивая идея, одержимость Isolated case – единичный случай Understandably – понятно, ясно Extremely – чрезвычайно, очень Suffer – страдать Destroy – разрушать Drop out – бросать (учебу, работу) Indoors – внутри дома, в помещении Run – зд. управлять |
1. Посмотрите на новые слова в течение минуты, затем закройте их и попытайтесь вспомнить как можно больше слов с переводом.
2. Прочитайте текст и запишите основные проблемы, связанные с Интернетом.
Internet and its Problems
However, there are some problems. The most important problem is security. When you send an e-mail, your message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. But there are many encoding programs available. Not withstanding, these programs are not perfect and can easily be cracked.
Another big and serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective control in the Internet, because a huge amount of information circulates through the net. It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the situation might change, but now we have what we have. It could be expressed in two words— an anarchist’s dream.
Last week, in a private rehabilitation clinic outside Edinburgh, Leo, a sixteen-year-old schoolboy, was going through severe withdrawal symptoms. His problem was ‘Net obsession ’— an over-dependency on the Internet.
An international group of psychologists has recently suggested that anyone who surfs the Internet for long periods is clinically ill and needs medical treatment.
Leo is not an isolated case. Russel, aged fifteen, from Gateshead in north-east England, is a typical online addict.
Every day after school, and after dinner until three or four in the morning, he will be found in his room surfing the Net or playing computer games. By the end of the day he will have spent more than six hours online. Understandably, his parents are extremely worried. Not only has his school work suffered, but Russell’s addiction has also destroyed his social life and his spare-time interests. For instance, he has just dropped out of his school’s basketball team in order to spend more time at his computer. Instead of spending next weekend having a good time out with friends, he’ll be spending it indoors surfing the Internet.
Russell has recently joined an Internet online support group. It may seem ironic that many of the support groups for Internet addicts are online but at least Russell has sought help. Not everyone does. Dr Ann Hoffman, who runs an online support group, says, «People don’t realise that being online for more than four hours a day amounts to addiction and that they have a serious problem. I predict that the number of people who join online support groups will have risen dramatically within three years.»
3. Приведите примеры к каждой записанной проблеме. Используйте фразы: This problem can be illustrated by the following example –…, Security is a real problem because, for instance/for example…; I’d like to give an example of a security problem…
4. Объединитесь в группы для обсуждения проблем, связанных с Интернетом. Предложите ваши решения проблем. Используйте фразы:
We propose to/We can/We should… so that/in order to/with the purpose…
We propose to/We can/We should… Thus/ therefore/so/as a result…
In my opinion/view…; To my mind…; It seems to me that…; I think that…
Literature
Main Textbooks:
1. Английский язык. Страноведение. Across the countries and continents/В.М. Венявская. Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2009. 444 с. (Высшее образование).
2. Бжиская Ю.В. Краснова Е.В. Английский язык: информационные системы и технологии. Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2008. 248 c. (Высшее образование).
3. Виноградова В.С. English Reading Development: Учеб. пособие. СПб.: Политехника, 2005. 304 с.
Internet dictionaries:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/
http://slovari.yandex.ru/
Electronic dictionaries:
ABBYY Lingvo x5
Internet resources:
Language in India www.languageinindia.com 9: 8 August 2009 Shanthi Nehemiah, M.A., M.Phil. Role of English as a Tool for Communication in Tamil Society
http://www.omniglot.com/language/why.htm
http://www.english-globe.ru
http://www.study.ru/support/topics/
http://www.native-english.ru
http://www.alleng.ru/english/top.htm
http://engmaster.ru/topic/
http://engtopic.ru/english-language/
http://english-4life.com.ua/topic/
http://engmaster.ru/topic/4774
http://www.engwebcountry.ru/
http://www.fun4child.ru/
http://lengish.com/topics/
http://www.lingvotutor.ru/
http://englishschool12.ru/publ/topiki_po_anglijskomu_jazyku_s_perevodom/topiki_po_anglijskomu_jazyku_s_perevodom/
http://www.bestreferat.ru/
http://slovo.ws/topic/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_English
http://lingualeo.ru/
http://www.homeenglish.ru/
http://www.englishtips.org
http://abc-english-grammar.com
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