Exercise 8. Work in pairs. Translate the following two texts into Ukrainian. Use

Vocabulary 3–4 and Exercises ЗА – 4A in case of difficulties.

TEXT 3

Notice of the Charge. An accused is entitled to fair notice of the specific charges

against her. This notice allows her to prepare her defense intelligently. An accused cannot

prepare a defense if the charge is a vague statement of some unspecified wrongdoing.

SpeedyTrial. Both the United States and Ohio Constitutions state that an accused is

entitled to a speedy trial. An accused cannot be made to wait indefinitely with a criminal

charge hanging over her head, but must be given the opportunity to have the matter re-

solved quickly.

In Ohio, specific time limits are provided by statute; these time limits can be extended

only for good cause. The times within which an accused must be brought to trial after an

arrest or service of summons are as follows: 30 days for trial in mayors’ courts, or trials for

minor misdemeanors in any court; 45 days for trials of misdemeanors carrying a maximum

penalty of 60 days in jail; 90 days for trials of more serious misdemeanors; 15 days for pre-

liminary hearings in felony cases; and 270 days for trials in felony cases. The statute provides

that each day spent in jail awaiting trial must be counted as three days. Thus, for example, if

the accused in a felony case cannot make bail, she must be given a preliminary hearing within

five days after her arrest, and must be brought to trial within 90 days after her arrest.

TEXT 4

Public Trial. Both the United States and Ohio Constitutions give an accused the right

to a public trial. The right to a public trial ensures that trials are conducted fairly and

properly. An accused also has the right to be tried in the locality where the alleged offense

was committed. The right to be tried where the alleged offense occurred ensures that the

witnesses and evidence are available and that the state cannot transfer the trial to a place

where the atmosphere is hostile to the accused. However, an accused can have the trial

transferred (a change of venue) if she cannot get a fair trial in the locality where the alleged

crime occurred.

Confronting Accusers and Securing Witnesses. Generally, the United States and

Ohio Constitutions provide that a defendant in a criminal case is entitled to meet his ac-

cusers and the witnesses against him. The Ohio Constitution specifically requires that this

confrontation occur face to face. That is, the state cannot rely on anonymous accusers and

witnesses-the defendant is entitled to know who they are and to have an opportunity to

question them in person. The accused is allowed to have-even force-the witnesses he wants

to come and testify.

Exercise 9. Work in pairs. Study the Vocabulary below and then translate the fol-

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