Translation of proper names

Translation of proper names

There are three methods to render proper names from the source language into the target language:

1. Transcription (the most widely used);

2. Transliteration;

3. Graphic incorporation (включение в перевод).

Surnames and first names are to be transcribed:

Г – H (Гадяч – Hadiach)

Є – Ye – at the beginning of words, ie – in other positions (Наєнко – Naienko)

Й – Y – at the beginning of words, i – in other positions (Стрий – Stryi)

Щ – Sch (Гоща – Hoscha)

Ю – Yu – at the beginning of words, iu – in other positions (Юрій – Yurii)

L’viv or Lviv

Zaporizhzhia or Zaporizhia

When the proper name is not widely known it’s expedient to give its original spelling in brackets after the translation.

Translation of geographical names

Transcription is the major device of rendering geographical names. Difficult geographical names:

Port Laoise

The Republic of Eire

Lough Neagh

If the geographical name is not widely known or if there are several objects wearing this name – specifying common noun should be used with this geographical name.

e.g. Kent (in England), (in America)

Translation of British and American realia

Two meanings – broad and narrow.

Political life: Old Glory, Stars and Stripes, Union Jack

Education: Oxbridge – top quality of British education, Ivy League (USA)

Food: Hot Dogs, Bangers and Mash, Pretzels and Beer

Other:

John (Jane) Doe – an average person

Uncle Sam

Peeping Tom

Stetson

Belisha beacon

Queen Ann is dead!

To be from Missouri

To dine with Duck Humphrey

To grin like a Cheshire cat

A clever tongue will get you anywhere

Words and sentences for translation:

New Hampshire

the Ganges

Wood-Lake

Dirty Devil

Tromso

Antwerp

Ghent

Strait of Gibraltar

Black Island

William the Conqueror

1. During the 1930s, South Africa’s “poor whites” – mainly Afrikaners – began to rise rapidly to key positions in government and industry.

2. Latinos are a diverse group of U.S. residents defined by their common connection to the Spanish language.

3. In summer they lived in houses made of cottonwood or spruce bark. The kashism was the center of various social activities.

4. The exchequer, in Britain, is the accounting and auditing department in the government’s treasury.

5. Other survivors settled in Louisiana, where their descendants – known as Cajuns – still preserve a distinct culture.

6. The Hunkers and Barnburners were rival factions in the New York State Democratic party in the 1840s.

7. The legitimated issue of peers may bear courtesy titles, but (except sometimes in Scotland) cannot inherit the peerage.

8. Audiencias were regional courts of law established in Spain and its American colonies to exercise royal authority in both judicial and administrative matters. In the 16^th and 17^th centuries they served as powerful arms of the Spanish throne in the New World, mainly to check the independence of the conquistadors.

9. An affidavit is a sworn statement made before a notary or some other person authorized to administer an oath; it is used in a court of law to advise the court of certain facts.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-05