· This plays a key/ vital/ prominent/ important/ major role in

Linking Devices	Answers
FORMING IMPRESSIONS: · This plays a key/ vital/ prominent/ important/ major role in… · This aspect is of fundamental/ great/ vital importance for… · I have every reason to believe that… · I can safely assume that… · There`s ample/ abundant evidence that… · This problem has to do with/ relates to/ is associated with/ is connected with… · It`s common knowledge that… · It`s well known that… · It`s popularly believed that… · It`s often alleged that… · People often claim that… · People argue that… · It has long been known that… · To be the best of my knowledge… · This image conjures up a sense of… · This picture reminds me… · This picture illustrates… · This clearly shows… · This image raises the question of (whether)… · These images concentrate on… · I believe this picture aims to show… · I think the point this photo is trying to make is… · Judging from the photo,… · I get the impression that… · The (man) appears to be… · From what we can see here, he must… · When you give it a closer look it reveals… · As a general rule… · This might not appeal to people because… · I would be thought that… · Things being as they are… LISTING POINTS/ BENEFITS: · In the first place/ first of all… · To start with/ to begin with… · Initially… · Then there`s the fact that… · Secondly/ afterwards/ next… · Finally/ eventually/ at last… · Another plus is the fact that… · One of the main benefits of (being a teacher) is… · What people might find beneficial about (regular piano practice) is that… · Most importantly,… · It shouldn`t be forgotten… ADDING POINTS: · What is more/ furthermore/ moreover/ besides… · Apart from this… · Not to mention the fact that… CONTRASTING IDEAS/ DIFFERENCES: · Both pictures depict… · Both pictures are quite similar in that they show… · There`re many similarities… · The two photos differ in that… · The photos show two completely different (relationships)… · The main difference seems to be… · One important difference is that… · A key difference is that… · Needless to say… · Another striking contrast is that… · On the face of it… · Contrary to popular belief… · As a matter of fact/ the fact of the matter is that… · At first sight… · At the same time… EXPRESSING PERSONAL OPINION: · In my opinion/ from my point of view… · To my mind/ way of thinking… · Personally, I believe… · It strikes me that… · I`m convinced that… · I feel very strongly that/ I really feel that… · I`m inclined to believe that… · It seems to me/ to me it seems that… · As far as I`m concerned… · It appeals as… · The way I see things/ as I see it… LISTING ADVANTAGES: · A good thing about … · One obvious advantage of… · The best thing about… · An important factor is… LISTING DISADVANTAGES: · A bad thing about… · A major disadvantage is… · The worst thing about… · A serious/ slight drawback could be… ADDING ADVANTAGES/ DISADVANTAGES: · In addition to… · Another point is… · What`s more… · As well as that… CONTRASTIND ADVANTAGES/ DISADVANTAGES: · (Street markets usually have a friendly atmosphere), but… · (A shopping mall offers a wide range of facilities). However… · (There is no doubt that street markers have fresher produce). On the other hand,… EXPRESSING EFFECTS/ RESULTS: · (Space exploration) has had the effect that… · (Air travel) has brought about/ results in/ led to… · Consequently/ as a consequence/ therefore/ thus/ as a result/ so… · Under those circumstances… TO EXPRESS CAUSE: · Because of… · Due to the fact that/ due to/ owing to… · For this reason… · On the grounds that… TO GIVE EXAMPLES: · For example/ for instance… · Such as/ like… · Particularly/ in particular… TO SHOW PRIORITISING THINGS: · The most/ least important feature to include would be… · Another point to consider… · Last but not least… · That is to say… · (To put it) In other words… TO SHOW REFERENCE: · According to/ with reference to… · With respect/ regard/ reference to... · In respect/ regard/ reference to this/ to the fact that… · Considering/ concerning/ regarding… TO SHOW CONDITION: · On condition that… · In the events of that… · Granted/ granting that… · Whether…or (alternative condition)… · Only if/ even if/ even though… · Assuming that… TO SHOW CONCESSION: · Nonetheless… · Nevertheless… · Despite/ in spite of… · Admittedly… · Whereas/ while/ whilst… EXPRESSING CHOICE/REASON: · Many people probably opposite for (a tropical beach) because… · A popular option is (the countryside) since… · Not many people would be attracted to (a big city) as… · In view of the fact that (most people own a car), I would choose… However, there`re people / those who oppose…claim that… · Opponents of this view say… EXPRESSING PROBABILITY: · It`s bound to be… · It`s (un)likely that he`d want to… · It`s possible/ likely that… · It may/ might be due to the fact that… · In all probability… · There`s strong possibility that… EXPRESSING CONCLUSION: · Taking everything into account… · In conclusion... · All in all/ in all… · On the whole… · To put it briefly… · To cut (make) a long story short… · As I have said/ as was previously stated… · All things considered…	AGREEING: · I completely agree with you because… · Yes, that`s right. I couldn`t agree more. · There`s no doubt about it… · It`d be a good idea… · That sounds perfect… · I quite agree with you… · Sure, it`d help a lot… · I`m absolutely agree with you… DISAGREEING: · I see what you mean, but my feeling is that… · I agree up to a point, but… · That`s a good point. However… · I`m afraid I don`t agree because… · I see what you mean. On the other hand… · I`m not sure about it… · I take your point, but… · I see what you mean, but I think you also have to consider… · That`s true on some cases, but you also have to take X into account… · Yes, but don`t you think it might give the impression that… · I don`t entirely agree. It seems to me that… · (Nursing) is not my cup of tea… · That`s not quite the way I see it… · I don`t feel convinced… · That`s true in a way, I suppose, but… · That`s one way of looking at it. On the other hand… ACCEPTING SUGGESTIONS: · That`s not a bad idea… · Yes, let`s do that… · Yes, I suppose we could do that… · That would be perfect… REJECTING SUGGESTIONS: · I don` think so. It might not… · It`s nice idea, but to my mind… · Oh, it`s far too (expensive). How about (buying some CDs) instead? · I think (trainers) would be a bad choice because… · I don`t know about you, but I don`t like the idea of (sitting outside on the grass)… · I don`t see eye to eye with you here…

ENVIRONMENT
PROBLEM	RESULT IN	SOLUTIONS
· Air pollution	o Greenhouse effect/ gases o Global warming o Acid rain o Smog o Contamination of seas by toxic waste o Damage to the ozone layer/ the depleted ozone-layer o Devastating famines o Irreplaceable climate change	o To introduce/ pass stricter patrolling/ fines/ legislation o To develop schemes for offsetting carbon emissions/ vehicle emissions o To buy a hybrid car o To reduce out carbon footprint o To use alternative fuels o To avoid incineration (burning) o To provide clearer solid waste management
· Water pollution	o Destruction of sea life and surrounding o Decrease in fishing stocks o Environmental catastrophe o Contamination of seas by toxic waste o Distribution of the ecological balance o Oil patterns	o To provide more careful navigation o To embrace green politics o To impose heavier fines on people
· Land pollution	o Overfull landfill sites o Unhygienic conditions	o To buy items with less packaging o To dump such waste o To reduce our food miles o To dispose of household waste o To introduce green taxes o To encourage eco-friendly design in architecture o To provide more litter bins o To organise more regular clean-ups in streets o To use returnable containers
· Homelessness	o Thousands of sleeping rough in cities (without shelter) o Street children o Deprived regions	o To escape living below the poverty line o To left people out of poverty/ to eradicate poverty altogether (get rid of completely)/ alleviate poverty (make less serious) o To have a golden opportunity to combat poverty o To build temporary shelters o To provide low-cost housing o To increase unemployment benefit o To set up job retraining schemes o To organise/ volunteer in shelters/ soup kitchens o To donate money/ food/ toys
· Pesticides	o Poisoned animals/ people	o To use of ozone-friendly sprays o To avoid ozone depleting substances (ODS)
· Growth in urban expansion	o Destruction of natural habitat of animals/ birds/ crops o Homeless animals	o To inform the public o To run over new plans of housing
· Hunting	o Endangered species	o To breed endangered animals in zoos o To use the media to educate people o To adopt animals o To create wildlife parks (preserve, sanctuary) o To donate money o To punish poachers as much as they should be
· Deforestation	o Desertification of the land o Lack of green belt o Exertion of severe pressure on finite resources	o To provide multiple use of timber and (un)renewable resources
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:	COLLOCATIONS:
· There`s desperate need in · It`s a daunting task for local authorities · Risk to public heath · Dire consequences (extremely serious) · Supplies will run dry (finish) · It`s harmful for the environment · There`s necessity of long-term recycling schemes/ solutions · It`s absolutely vital to change our ways · The widening gulf between … (important difference) · To find a solution of/ to tackle the problem/ pollution · To take some forceful steps · (Renewable energy) can make a real difference · The worst case scenarios is… · TO EXPERIENCE: ü searing heat (extreme heat) ü temperature soar (raising) ü widespread flooding	· The root cause –the main reason for (The root cause of his discontent is his being passed over for promotion.) · To be stone deaf – to be completely deaf (She wouldn`t have heard anything. She`s stone deaf.) · To be on the rocks – (used for marriages/ relationships) to be close to falling [Note: a rocky marriage/ relationship] (It`s hardly surprising they broke up; their relationship had been on the rocks for years.) · To have a field day – to have the opportunity to criticise and write a lot about sb (generally used about the press) (When the press find out he has been lying, they will have a field day.) · To beat about the bush – avoid/ delay talking about sth embarrassing/ unpleasant (Come on, stop beating about the bush and tell me what you think. If you hated it, say so.) · To be barking up the wrong tree – to be wrongly accusing sb/ sth (You are barking up the wrong tree if you think that I did it.) · An argument doesn`t hold water – an argument is illogical (Your argument doesn`t hold water and I`ll explain why.) · Not to be out of the woods yet – not to be out of danger/ trouble yet (We`re not out of the woods yet. We`re still heavily in debt to the bank.) · A wave of – a sudden increase in a particular emotion/ behavior affecting a large number of people (News that the volcano was about to erupt sent a wave of panic throughout the city.)

DARIA KOLUPAEVA

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04