Introduction Ancient Greece is the period in the history of Greece, which lasted from the third millennium BC until the Roman conquest in the 2nd century BC. most historians see it as the

Greek architecture

Introduction
Ancient Greece is the period in the history of Greece, which lasted from the third millennium BC until the Roman conquest in the 2nd century BC. most historians see it as the osnovopoložnu culture of Western civilization. the birthplace of world democracy, Western philosophy, the basic principles of physical and mathematical sciences, the arts, theatre and the Olympics, etc. Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire, which in turn their own culture to almost every European nation.
The architecture of ancient Greece, covering its development mostly VIII-I century BC, is divided into three periods: the archaic, the classical and the Hellenistic. It was preceded by periods of krito and mìkens′koï culture on the territory of southern Greece and the islands of the Aegean Sea. (III.-XII centuries.
BC.) and the so-called Gomerìvs′kij period (XII-VIII century BC). is a time of decomposition of tribal and the emergence of the early class relations that resulted in VIII-VII centuries. BC. prior to the formation of the ancient
the slave States.
If we talk about the architecture, then in ancient Greece it has evolved quickly and many-sided. In the growing Greek cities are residential stone buildings, strengthening, port facilities, but the most important and novee appeared not in residential and commercial buildings, and stone public buildings. It is here, and above all in the architecture of the temples, the prevailing classical Greek architectural orders.

The early stage of the history of ancient Greece is called krito-mìkens′kij, or the Aegean. In the III-II tisâčolìttâh BC. occur the first State in the Aegean Sea on the island of Crete and the Peloponnese peninsula (city of Mycenae, Pylos, Tirinf). These were the Statemonarchical type, similar to the davn′oshìdnih despotìj, with a branched bureaucratic apparatus and strong communities.

The impetus for the early research of the English archaeologist Arthur Evans at Crete formed the subjects of ancient Greek myths about theSkilful, built at Knossos for King Minos Palace-maze and the hero Theseus, who defeated the resident labyrinth Minotaur and found my way back through the thread of Ariadne ". Mycenae opened by Henry Šlìmanom after excavations in Asia minor, where he sought out the legendary Troy.

At the end of III — at the beginning of the II Millennium BC., was the most powerful Kingdom of Crete - talasokratìâ, which occupied an exceptionally advantageous geographical position, had a strongfleet. Cretan master of subtly treated with bronze, but did not know ironmade and painted ceramic ware images of plants, animals, people.

Still impressive ruins of the Royal Palace at Knossos. He was a bagatopoverhovu building, most of the facilities which the United complex system transitions, corridors and never had an external Windows, osvìtlûvalisâ through special light mine. In the Palace operated a systemof ventilation and water supply. The walls are decorated with beautiful frescoes. One of the most famous is the "Parižanka" (now in the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion) — Arthur Evans called the picture a young woman with dark v'ûnkim hair.

The Palace was the center of political and religious life of the State of Minos. Kritâni worshipped the goddess Mother Deo, she served as a priestess is the daughter of Minos, which can represent large and small statues of goddess. Other artifacts indicate that religious beliefs Central was the cult of the bull as the personification of Poseidon is the God of the sea and the hitača of the Earth (Crete and adjacent islands often suffered from earthquakes): the roof of the Palace were decorated with monumental image of horns, in the form of a bull made ritual vessels, on one of the murals is depicted playing acrobats with a Bull is Tavrokatapsìâ. Knoss ruined as a result of the volcanic eruption on the island of Thiraand Crete lost its mainstream provisions is likely, as a result, so-called, both the Minoan eruption.

So from the mid 2ND Millennium BC Center Hellenic civilization began to Mycenae, populated by Greeksandahejcâmi. It was surrounded by mighty walls, stacked with a huge, roughly hewn stone: stone blocks. The main lion gate adorned triangular Stella with an embossed image of two levic′. Heinrich Schliemann found the gold shrines mikenskikh Kings is the tomb of Atreâ is located in a circle underground structures with dome vaults. Mycenae led ahejcìv in the Trojan war, ospìvanìj in «Ìlìadì», which is attributed to the very Homer.

The disappearance of mìkens′koï culture in XII century BC. associated with an invasion from the North of the Balkan peninsula Dorian tribes, among which still reigned family harmony. The enslavement of the indigenous Greek dorians inhabitants led to the decline of the Greek cities and their culture, in particular the loss of rann′ogrec′koï scripts (so-called Cretan script).

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04